Stereoselectivity of the histamine H3-presynaptic autoreceptor

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Abstract

The effects of the enantiomers of two chiral analogues of histamine (α,Nα-dimethylhistamine and Nα-methyl-α-chloromethylhistamine) were studied at H3-autoreceptors modulating histamine release in rat brain slices. These compounds act as H3-receptor agonists, displaying a low potency relative to histamine (below 4%) but a pronounced stereoselectivity (ratio of 31 for the isomers of α,Nα-dimethylhistamine and 183 for their halogenated analogues) was observed. The (+)isomers (corresponding to S-configurated L-histidine) were highly preferred at H3-receptors, whereas the (−)isomers were more potent at H2-receptors, no difference being observed at H1-receptors. In addition, no such stereoselectivity was observed for the two isomers of a chiral impromidine derivative: both Sopromidine and its S enantiomer acted as antagonists of histamine at H3-autoreceptors with similar potencies (Ki = 5.6 × 10−8 M and 4.5 × 10−8 M), whereas Sopromidine acted as an H2-receptor agonist and the S-enantiomer as an H2-receptor antagonist. Our results indicate that H3-autoreceptors are chemically stereoselective, with structural requirements different from H1- and H2-receptors.

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