Exposure to a nonfunctional hot plate as a factor in the assessment of morphine-induced analgesia and analgesic tolerance in rats
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Evaluating pain behaviours: Widely used mechanical and thermal methods in rodents
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2017, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological MethodsCitation Excerpt :The slopes of the dose-response functions were completely dependent upon treatment condition. These conclusions extend the results of van Ree and Leys (1985) and Bardo and Hughes (1979), and further demonstrates the effects of repeated exposures independent of drug administration. The slopes of the dose-response functions were completely different if the test was conducted in rats that were naïve to the open field arena when compared to those that had been tested in 5 min open field tests on four occasions following the PCP administrations.
Functions of the temporomandibular system in extracranial chronic pain conditions: Modulatory effects on nocifensive behavior in an animal model
2014, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological TherapeuticsClassical conditioning and pain: Conditioned analgesia and hyperalgesia
2014, Acta PsychologicaCitation Excerpt :Similarly, several studies have reported that electric shocks temporarily reduce pain sensitivity in animals subsequently tested with tail-flick (e.g., Hayes, Bennett, Newlon, & Mayer, 1978) and hot-plate tests (e.g., Hayes et al., 1978; Ross & Randich, 1984; for a description of the tests, see Table 1). Even the stress of mere exposure to novel situations produces a temporary decrease in pain sensitivity in animals, as assessed by measurement of pain-related responses (e.g., Bardo & Hughes, 1979; Foo & Westbrook, 1991; Rochford & Dawes, 1993; Sherman, 1979). Thus, anecdotal and experimentally controlled evidence have begun to identify specific situations in which an unconditioned analgesic response will be observed (cf. Meagher et al., 2001).
The influence of non-nociceptive factors on hot-plate latency in rats
2011, Journal of PainCitation Excerpt :Learning to respond appears to contribute when jumping out of the box is the endpoint,12,13 but not when the endpoint is licking the hindpaw. Our data are consistent with others showing that exposure to a room-temperature plate in which no hindpaw licking occurs causes the same decrease in hot-plate latency as in animals tested repeatedly on the hot plate.3,10 This decrease is not caused by learning, but is probably the result of habituation to stimuli associated with the test apparatus that inhibit nociception.3,10
Analgesia in amphibians: Preclinical studies and clinical applications
2011, Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice
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We thank Endo Laboratories for their contribution of naloxone hydrochloride.