Research reportExcitatory amino acid pathways in brain-stimulation reward
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Orexin-1 receptor antagonism does not reduce the rewarding potency of cocaine in Swiss-Webster mice
2012, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :One proposed model of orexin actions on drug-seeking behaviors suggests a different role of orexin signaling for drugs of abuse with a primary site of action in the VTA (e.g., opioids) compared to those with a primary site of action in the NAc (e.g., cocaine; see Fig. 7 in Aston-Jones et al., 2009). Dopamine release in the NAc is clearly a final common pathway in ICSS, although both direct stimulation of ascending dopaminergic fibers from the VTA (Cheer et al., 2007; Kuhr et al., 1987) and indirect activation of dopaminergic VTA neurons through stimulation of descending glutamatergic fibers (Herberg and Rose, 1990; You et al., 2001) and activation of cholinergic relays from pontine tegmental nuclei (Chen et al., 2006; Yeomans et al., 1985) have been implicated. Because the reward-potentiating activity of cocaine on BSR may be more closely related to its activity at dopaminergic terminals than on VTA neuronal firing rate, it may be the case that antagonism of VTA OX1 receptors is insufficient to overcome the direct effect of cocaine on forebrain terminal release.
A proton NMR study of the effect of Mucuna pruriens on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males
2011, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical AnalysisCitation Excerpt :Moreover, after treatment with clomiphene citrate, not only elevated level of cAMP but also increased sperm motility were observed in the seminal fluid of infertile patients [20,21]. The above mentioned facts and information gleaned from the literature [7,16,17,22–25] support the finding that M. pruriens therapy increases dopamine levels which in turn rectifies the balance of hormones, enzymatic activity of TCA cycle, and energy metabolism in infertile patients, leading to improve citrate production via prostate cellular system, as observed in seminal plasma of post-treated infertile patients in this study. NMR spectroscopy determined the decrement of GPC content in pre-treated seminal plasma samples of infertile patients, which is agreed to the literature [8].
Effect of Mucuna pruriens on semen profile and biochemical parameters in seminal plasma of infertile men
2008, Fertility and SterilityCitation Excerpt :It is well known that spermatogenesis is controlled by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary working together. On the basis of aforementioned facts, it may be proposed that because M. pruriens contains high levels of L-DOPA (26, 50), its metabolite, dopamine, may stimulate the hypothalamus and forebrain (51) to secrete GnRH, which may further stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH, causing increased synthesis of T by Leydig cells of the testis (52). This is elaborated in Figure 1.
Dopaminergic stimulation of local protein synthesis enhances surface expression of GluR1 and synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons
2005, NeuronCitation Excerpt :The dopamine agonist-induced increase in mini frequency described here is predicted to inhibit future local protein synthesis, providing a potentially effective negative regulatory feedback loop. It is becoming increasingly clear that there is a connection between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the brain circuits that subserve reward, learning, and drug addiction (Beninger and Miller, 1998; Berke and Hyman, 2000; Herberg and Rose, 1990; Howland et al., 2002; Jay, 2003; Wolf et al., 2003). We found that NMDA receptor activity is required for the (protein synthesis-dependent) DHX-induced increases in both surface GluR and mini frequency.
Does drug abuse beget drug abuse? Behavioral analysis of addiction liability in animal models of prenatal drug exposure
2003, Developmental Brain Research