Original articlesAttenuation of morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats by venlafaxine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
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2021, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :It is worth noting that, like chronic treatment with opioid agonists which induces adaptations in μ-opioid receptor signalling (Christie, 2008; Williams et al., 2001), continuous exposure to some inhibitors and ligands of the noradrenaline transporter can downregulate it, as revealed by studies involving cell cultures (Zhu et al., 1998, 2000; Zhu and Ordway, 1997). Moreover, in behavioural studies, pretreatment with the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine, resulted in the attenuation of morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats (Lu et al., 2001). Therefore, it seems that changes within the noradrenergic pathway can account for the milder physical dependence signs associated with tapentadol than with morphine use.
Bupropion attenuates morphine tolerance and dependence: Possible role of glutamate, norepinephrine, inflammation, and oxidative stress
2018, Pharmacological ReportsCitation Excerpt :Thus, effects of bupropion on morphine-induced changes in Glu, nitrite, MDA, and GSH levels might be responsible for attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence. Moreover, other antidepressants were reported to have similar effects on these mediators; hence, this could be the convergence point for different antidepressants’ efficacy in attenuating morphine tolerance and dependence [16–20]. Further studies are required to confirm this suggestion.
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