V. The wider world of VT — from ions to peptides Chapter 22
Adenosine as a volume transmission signal. A feedback detector of neuronal activation

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Taking into account its formation and release, together with the demonstration of the existence of extrasynaptic adenosine receptors, adenosine seems to represent a strong volume transmission (VT) signal. There are experimental evidences for a role of adenosine-dopamine receptor-receptor interactions in the modulation of arousal, through the existence of interacting A1 and D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Adenosine is mainly formed and released over the adenosine transporter from complex cellular networks of the brain into the extracellular space, especially upon neronal activation. Here, it acts as a strong local VT signal to antagonize activity in the motor and arousal systems. The action at target cells are mediated via high affinity G protein coupled A1 and AZA receptors, often by antagonizing the efficacy of other receptors, such as dopamine receptors, via receptor-receptor interactions.

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