Elsevier

Addictive Behaviors

Volume 22, Issue 1, January–February 1997, Pages 55-68
Addictive Behaviors

The impact of caffeine use on tobacco cessation and withdrawal

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(96)00023-8Get rights and content

Abstract

Continuous caffeine consumption with smoking cessation has been associated with more than doubled caffeine plasma levels. Such concentrations may be sufficient to produce caffeine toxicity symptoms in smoking abstinence conditions. To test whether caffeine abstinence influences smoking cessation, 162 caffeine-using smokers were enlisted from American Lung Association smoking cessation programs. Volunteers were randomly assigned by clinic to caffeine-use and caffeine-abstinence conditions and measured for 3 weeks post-smoking cessation, at 6 months and one year. Results showed a significant linear increase in caffeine sputum levels across 3 weeks post-cessation for those who quit smoking and continued using caffeine. Three weeks after cessation, concentrations reached 203% of baseline for the caffeine user. Typical nicotine withdrawal symptoms occurred during the first 16 days of cessation. The caffeine abstainers, but not continued users of caffeine, reported increased fatigue during the first 3 days of cessation. Among complete caffeine abstainers, compared with caffeine users, there was a significant increase in fatigue, a decrease in stimulation, and a marginal increase in caffeine craving immediately following tobacco cessation. There were no differences between the groups on other withdrawal symptoms or in cessation success at 16 days, 6 months, or 12 months.

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    The study was supported by the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (California Proposition 99) Grant RT-532 to Jerry W. Lee.

    The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of The American Lung Association of the Inland and Orange Counties of Southern California (Diana Budinger, Virginia Dreher, Janet Ferrin, Dee Futch, Donna Gordon, Penny Mitchell, Harvey Shields, Shirlee Shirley and Tim Watt); Glendale Hospital, Glendale, California (Sylvia Dunn); Mullikin Medical Center, Pioneer Hospital, Artisa, California (Gwy Salathe); West Covina Medical Clinic, West Covina, California (Janie Thomson); Jerry L. Pettis Veterans Administration (Dr. Richard Strong and the Human Studies Subcommittee), Dr. Arthur Weaver for questionnaire pretesting; Dr. Judith McDonough for site orientation, data collection and data entry; Beverly Stocker for secretarial assistance; David Davamony for library support and telephone follow-up; Maryanna Gabriel, Roger Grove, Mary Hawkins, Jorma Rasanen, Kalpna Shah and Lorrena Sing for data collection.

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