Archival ReportCatecholamines in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Reciprocally Respond to Reward and Aversion
Section snippets
Animals and Surgery
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (320–420 g; Charles River, Wilmington, Massachusetts) were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg), and stereotaxic surgeries for electrochemical recordings were performed as described previously (8). Small holes in the skull were drilled for reference (silver/silver chloride) and stimulating electrodes as well as for carbon-fiber microelectrodes. A guide cannula (Bioanalytical Systems, West Lafayette, Illinois) for
Depth Profile of Evoked Catecholamine Release in the BNST Pathways
The subregions of the BNST targeted in this work are quite small (approximately 200 μm across in the horizontal plane for the dlBNST). However, as we showed in the vBNST of anesthetized animals (18), evoked catecholamine release yields distinct responses as the position of the electrode is lowered, and these responses can be used to guide microelectrode placement. In these experiments, the detachable micromanipulator was implanted directly above the targeted region, and the electrode was
Discussion
The data presented here provide the first subsecond measurements of catecholamines in the BNST of an ambulatory rat. These measurements reveal an unanticipated reciprocal relationship in the extracellular concentration changes of norepinephrine and dopamine in response to aversive and palatable tastants. The signal in the vBNST is primarily due to norepinephrine, as previously established in anesthetized animals (18); as shown here, dopamine is the predominant releasable catecholamine in the dl
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Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis (BNST) circuits
2022, Neurocircuitry of AddictionSexually dimorphic role of BNST vasopressin cells in sickness and social behavior in male and female mice
2020, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :Perhaps these cells can modulate hedonic drive, such that their removal increased the desire for sucrose. Subnuclei of the BNST respond to sucrose with changes in dopamine and norepinephrine release (Park et al., 2012), so it is possible that AVP cells may contribute to sucrose reward. At any rate, the effects of BNST AVP cells on sucrose consumption suggest a wider role for these cells than just modulation of social behaviors.
Fos activation patterns related to acute ethanol and conditioned taste aversion in adolescent and adult rats
2019, AlcoholCitation Excerpt :In the BNST, both doses of ethanol increased Fos-IR similarly at each age, findings reminiscent of the ethanol-induced increases in Fos+ IR often seen in adults in this region (e.g., Ryabinin et al., 1997). The ventral BNST was chosen for examination in the present study, in part, based on prior evidence that this region is responsive to aversive stimuli (Park et al., 2012), yet the Fos data observed did not differ as a result of CTA expression, with Fos counts within the BNST not correlated with intake data. Ethanol-induced increases in Fos-IR were also evident in the EW, a region often used as a positive control region where ethanol-induced increases in Fos are typically evident (e.g., Bachtell, Wang, Freeman, Risinger, & Ryabinin, 1999; Knapp et al., 2001; Weitemier, Woerner, Bäckström, Hyytiä, & Ryabinin, 2001).