Broccoli sprouts powder could improve serum triglyceride and oxidized LDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.009Get rights and content

Abstract

Background and aims

In this study, broccoli sprout powder (BSP), a good source of bioactive components, was used as supplementary treatment in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

This randomized clinical trial included 81 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume 10 g/d BSP (group A), 5 g/d BSP (group B), or the placebo (group C), each for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride concentration (TG), LDL-C, HDL-C, and oxidized-LDL were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. The ratios of OX-LDL/LDL, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP; log TG/HDL), TC/HDL and LDL/HDL were calculated as cardiovascular risk factors parameters, at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results

Seventy-two patients completed the study; n = 23, 26 and 23 for groups A, B and C, respectively. After 4 weeks, BSP in dose of 10 g/d, significantly decreased serum triglycerides, OX-LDL/LDL ratio and AIP (p < 0.05 for treatment effect). HDL-C concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.01 for treatment) in group A as compared with group B and placebo.

Conclusions

BSP as supplementary treatment in type 2 diabetes could have favorable effects on lipid profiles and OX-LDL/LDL ratio, as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes is associated with dyslipidemia and increased lipid peroxidation, key factors promoting atherosclerosis in these patients [1], [2]. Despite availability of multiple interventions, studies show a rising trend in the occurrence of the diabetes complications [3]. Several nutraceuticals such as antioxidant phytochemicals used in clinical trials had favorable effects in the prevention of pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications [4], [5]. Broccoli sprouts are rich source of health promoting compounds including glucosinalates and isothiocyanates [6], [7], [8]. Animal studies have reported that young broccoli sprout improved lipid profiles [9], [10]. A key bioactive component in broccoli sprout is sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-methylsulfinylbutane) which is the most potent inducer of the endogenous antioxidant defense [11], [12]. Recently a phase 1 study revealed that consuming fresh broccoli sprouts for one week increased HDL-C, and decreased total cholesterol, LDL-C and some biomarkers of oxidative stress [13]. Short duration of intervention, small sample size and lack of control group were some limitations of this study. The effects of broccoli sprout on lipid profile abnormalities and oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio as cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetic patients, has not yet been determined. We therefore conducted this trial to investigate the effect of broccoli sprouts powder on fasting blood glucose, oxidized-LDL/LDL-C ratio, lipid profiles and other lipid related parameters such as atherogenic index of plasma, in type 2 diabetic patients.

Section snippets

Patients and study design

This is a parallel, randomized, double-blind and placebo controlled clinical trial, conducted between March and July 2010. Ethics approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the Research Institute for Endocrine Science of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at http://www.irct.ir with the following identification: IRCT138901181640N2. The results have been reported according to Consolidated Standards

Results

Of eighty-one randomized patients, seventy-two completed the study [10 g/d BSP (n = 23), 5 g/d BSP (n = 26), placebo (n = 23)] were included in the analysis (Fig. 1). No significant differences between groups were seen for age, sex, weight, and body mass index, duration of diabetes and antidiabetic drugs; nor were there any significant differences in the clinical variables measured between the patients in the 3 treatment groups at baseline (Table 1). Mean dietary intakes of participants at baseline and

Discussion

In the current study, supplementation with 10 g/d BSP in type 2 diabetic patients for 4 weeks had favorable effects on most typical diabetic dyslipidemia and lipid related parameters, as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in these patients.

Hypertriglyceridemia is a common form of dyslipidemia that is frequently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) [18]. One-mmol/l increase in serum triglycerides has been independently related with 14% and 37% increased risk of CHD in men and women,

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The authors express appreciation to the participants of this study and would like to acknowledge Ms. N. Shiva for language editing of the manuscript. None of the authors had any personal or financial conflicts of interest. The project was designed and implemented by Z.B and P.M. Data were analyzed and interpreted Z.B and G.A. P.M, F.H, A.R and F.A prepared the

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