Prostaglandin transporter expression in mouse brain during development and in response to hypoxia
Section snippets
Animals
Pregnant CD-1 mice were obtained from Charles River (Wilmington, DE, USA). Care was exercised in the handling of these animals and the minimal number of animals that was absolutely required was used in this study. This study was conducted in conformity with the Guiding Principles for Research Involving Animals and Human Beings and was approved by the Albert Einstein Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health
Regional PGT expression in adult mouse CNS
Western blot analysis revealed a heterogeneous regional distribution of PGT in the brain. In P30 mice, the anti-PGT antibody recognized a strong band at 65 kDa (Fig. 1A). Competition studies of the PGT with a synthetic peptide verified the specificity of this antibody (Fig. 1C). Relative expression was quantitated, with the predominant expression of PGT occurring in the CX, followed by the CB and HC, with the least expression in the BD (CX>CB=HC>BD) (Fig. 1B). Average PGT/actin was similar in
Discussion
In this study we have made a number of salient observations. First, in adult mouse brain, PGT is present in all the regions studied. Second, we used in our experiments microsomal preparations from four different brain regions (CX, HC, CB and BD) and demonstrated that the CX has the highest expression of PGT in the mouse brain. We would like to note that PGT expression may be highly coordinated with the synthesis and release of PGs since Bao et al. (2002) have shown that PGT expression is
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Victor L. Schuster for suggestions and helpful discussions. We are also grateful for the excellent technical assistance of Mary Catherine Muenker. Supported by NIH 5P01HD32573 (G.G.H.).
References (53)
- et al.
Prostaglandins and other lipid mediators in Alzheimer's disease
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 68–
(2002) - et al.
Tubulin and actin synthesis during brain development
Dev Biol
(1981) - et al.
Mechanism of prostaglandin E2 transport across the plasma membrane in HeLa cells and Xenopus oocytes expressing the prostaglandin transporter “PGT
” J Biol Chem
(1998) - et al.
Lipid signaling: Sleep, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat
(2005) - et al.
Effects of trifluzal on oxidative stress, prostaglandin production and nitric oxide pathway in a model of anoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices
Brain Res
(2004) - et al.
Na+ /HCO3− co-transport in basolateral vesicles isolated from rabbit renal cortex
J Biol Chem
(1986) - et al.
Perinatal changes in choroidal 15-hydroxyprostglandin dehydrogenase: implications for prostaglandin removal from brain
Brain Res Dev Brain Res
(2000) - et al.
Are cerebral prostanoids of astroglial origin? Studies on the prostanoid forming system in developing rat brain and primary cultures of rat astrocytes
Brain Res
(1987) - et al.
Prostaglandins are powerful inducers of NGF and BDNF production in mouse astrocyte cultures
FEBS Lett
(2004) - et al.
The plasma membrane lactate transporter MCT4, but not MCT1, is up-regulated by hypoxia through a HIF-1alpha-dependent mechanism
J Biol Chem
(2006)
Prostaglandin D2 and sleep regulation
Biochim Biophys Acta
PGE(2) selectively blocks inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission onto rat superficial dorsal horn neurons
Nat Neurosci
Prostaglandin transporter PGT is expressed in the cell types that synthesize and release prostanoids
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
Hypoxia signaling to genes: significance in Alzheimer's disease
Mol Neurobiol
Mediators of injury in neurotrauma: intracellular signal transduction and gene expression
J Neurotrauma
Competition between glucose and lactate as oxidative energy substrates in both neurons and astrocytes: a comparative NMR study
Eur J Neurosci
Serum-free B27/neurobasal medium supports differentiated growth of neurons from the striatum, substantia nigra, septum, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and dentate gyrus
J Neurosci Res
Regional distribution of the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 in the rat brain: accumulation in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum
J Mol Neurosci
Identification of lactate as a driving force for prostanoid transport by prostaglandin transporter PGT
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates prostaglandin E2 signaling in hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity
J Neurophysiol
Failure and function of intracellular pH regulation in acute hypoxic-ischemic injury of astrocytes
Glia
International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypes
Pharmacol Rev
Chronic intermittent hypoxia decreases the expression of Na/H exchangers and HCO3-dependent transporters in mouse CNS
J Appl Physiol
Constitutive expression of heat shock proteins Hsp90, Hsc70, Hsp70 and Hsp60 in neural and non-neural tissues of the rat during postnatal development
Cell Stress Chaperones
Cyclooxygenases in central nervous system diseases: a special role for cyclooxygenase 2 in neuronal cell death
Arch Neurol
Hypoxia increases glucose transport at blood-brain barrier in rats
J Appl Physiol
Cited by (13)
Elevated PGT promotes proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in preeclampsia by Erk signaling pathway
2023, Molecular and Cellular ProbesProstaglandin F<inf>2α</inf> influences pre-ovulatory follicle characteristics and pregnancy per AI in anovular dairy cows
2020, TheriogenologyCitation Excerpt :Prostaglandins are present as charged anions at the physiological pH in blood, which limits passive diffusion across cell membranes and, therefore, require transporters [34]. Carrier-mediated transport mechanisms for prostaglandins have been identified in the reproductive tract of bovine [35] and both gene and protein are expressed in the central nervous system [36] and in ovarian follicular cells [37]. Thus systemic prostaglandins may possibly be transported to the central nervous system and to the follicle to exert effects on a multitude of cells.
The physiology of developmental changes in BOLD functional imaging signals
2011, Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Similarly, expression of prostaglandin receptors is lower in newborn pigs than in adults (Li et al., 1995). However, the signalling consequences of upregulation of prostaglandin synthesis and receptor density with development are opposed, over the first postnatal month in mice, by an increase in expression of the transporter (PGT) which terminates prostaglandin signalling (Scafidi et al., 2007). Astrocyte-mediated increases in blood flow may also be altered by developmental changes in the expression or properties of potassium channels, including the calcium-activated large conductance (BKCa) K+ channels expressed on astrocyte endfeet, as well as inward rectifying potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle (Filosa et al., 2006).
An improved LC-MS/MS procedure for brain prostanoid analysis using brain fixation with head-focused microwave irradiation and liquid-liquid extraction
2008, Journal of Lipid ResearchCitation Excerpt :Because PG are known for their instability and have a short half-life, PG breakdown in heat-denatured tissue should be considered as another factor accounting for the reduced PG mass observed in microwaved brains compared with nonmicrowaved brains. In addition, because PG are bound in vivo by a variety of carrier proteins (31, 32), trapping of PG in heat-denatured proteins may also account for the reduction in PG mass observed after microwave irradiation. Although it is assumed that the observed reduction in PG mass in microwaved versus nonmicrowaved brain is the result of the heat inactivation of enzymes involved in postmortem PG formation (17–19), direct evidence that PG are not trapped or destroyed in microwaved brains has not been reported.
Expression and localization of prostaglandin transporter in Alzheimer disease brains and age-matched controls
2008, Journal of Neuroimmunology
- 1
Present address: G. G. Haddad, Pediatrics and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0735, USA.