Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, and Disease-Oriented NeuroscienceResearch PaperChanges in hippocampal synapses and learning-memory abilities in a streptozotocin-treated rat model and intervention by using fasudil hydrochloride
Highlights
The first study showing: ▶protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride on learning and memory in i.c.v.-STZ rats. ▶protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride on synaptic structure. ▶dephosphorylation of LIMK2 and cofilin may be involved in the process.
Section snippets
Animals
Male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 250–300 g were obtained from the Experimental Animal Centre, Central South University (Hunan, China). We randomly divided the rats into four groups (n=6 in each group): (1) sham-operated group (control); (2) sham-operated followed by FH administration group (sham+FH); (3) STZ-treated group (STZ); and (4) STZ treatment followed by FH administration group (STZ+FH). After i.c.v. injection, rats were housed in groups of four per cage. They were given free access to
Changes in learning and memory in STZ rats, and the effects of FH in sham+FH and STZ+FH rats
We first analyzed the effects of FH on cognitive performance in learning and memory in sham+FH and STZ+FH rats by using the MWM test. A significant time effect (from day 1 to day 5) was found for escape latency (F[2.24, 11.2]=150.27, P<0.001). The escape latency of control rats gradually decreased from day 1 to day 5 (Fig. 1A), which is reflective of learning. During the retrieval trial conducted on day 6, control rats spent significantly more time in the target quadrant (Q4) in search of the
Discussion
The MWM test is one of the most widely accepted models for evaluation of spatial learning and memory in rodents (Morris, 1984). In this study, a gradual decrease in escape latency in the control group during the 5-day acquisition trials indicates a normal capacity for learning. The retrieval of memory is conventionally denoted by an increase in the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times control rats crossed the target area. In contrast, the STZ group showed typical signs of
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