Original ResearchBasic and Translational—Alimentary TractBile Acid Is a Host Factor That Regulates the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota in Rats
Section snippets
Design of Animal Experiments
Male WKAH/HkmSlc rats (3 weeks old; Japan SLC Inc, Hamamatsu, Japan) were housed individually in a controlled environment16 and had free access to food and water for the entire study period. The rats were acclimated on a control diet for 4 days and then divided into 3 groups. Each group was fed one of 3 diets for 10 days: a control diet (control group), a diet supplemented with 1.25 mmol/kg CA (M-CA group), or a diet supplemented with 5 mmol/kg CA (H-CA group) (see Supplementary Table 2 for
Metabolic Parameters in Rats Fed CA
During the study period, all the animals were healthy and there was no significant difference in food intake, final body weight, or body weight gain among the groups (Supplementary Table 4). Table 1 shows the tissue and serum parameters at the end of the experimental period. Significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weight was measured in the H-CA group. Lower serum adiponectin level was observed in the CA-fed groups. Reproducibility of these results was verified in another experimental
Discussion
Using simple experiments in a rat model, this study clearly shows the hitherto unexplored role of bile acid as a host factor that controls the gut microbiota population in vivo. This has been an unanswered question since early in the last century when the antimicrobial activity of bile acid was first described,33 although the bactericidal action of bile acid on typical intestinal bacteria has often been examined in vitro.15, 29, 34 Our previous work has shown the primary mechanism underlying
Acknowledgments
Polymerase chain reaction–derived 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under accession number AB620453–AB620513, AB620515–AB621132, AB621134–AB621136; AB621138–AB621139, AB621142–AB621211, and AB621213–AB621304.
K.B.M.S.I., S.F. and M.H. contributed equally to this work.
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Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.
Funding Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no. 21380053 to A.Y.).