1. Effects of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, UK14304 and clonidine, the 5-HT1 receptor agonist, sumatriptan and the kappa-opioid receptor agonist, GR103545, on sensory neurotransmission in histamine-contracted guinea-pig isolated pulmonary artery (GPPA) have been studied. 2. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced frequency-dependent relaxations of histamine-contracted GPPA, which were attenuated by tetrodotoxin and capsaicin pretreatment but not by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). 3. Substance P (0.3 microM) induced relaxations which were subject to rapid tachyphylaxis. Neither the NK1 receptor antagonist, (+/-)-CP 96,345, nor desensitization to substance P had any effect of EFS-induced relaxations of histamine-contracted GPPA. 4. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 3 and 30 nM) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of histamine-contracted GPPA. The putative CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP8-37 (1 microM), markedly attenuated EFS-induced relaxations as well as relaxations induced by a low concentration of CGRP. 5. Sumatriptan (0.1 and 1 microM) and the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, GR103545 (10 and 100 nM) had no effect on EFS-induced relaxations of histamine-contracted GPPA. In contrast, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists UK14304 (1-100 nM) and clonidine (300 nM) attenuated responses to EFS, the attenuation of UK14304 (100 nM) being reversed by yohimbine (300 nM). 6. It is concluded that in GPPA, where a presynaptic inhibition of sensory neurotransmission by alpha 2-adrenoceptor activation could be shown, there was no evidence for such modulation by either sumatriptan-sensitive 5-HT1 receptors or kappa-opioid receptors.