The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central
side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting …

When tissue is destroyed or invaded by leukocytes in inflammation, numerous mediators are
delivered by the circulation and/or liberated from resident and immigrated cells at the site. …

The concept that the immune system can communicate with peripheral sensory neurons to
modulate pain is based mostly on documented interactions between opioid ligands and …

… After 2 h of inflammation, 16 paws; after 4 h, 6 paws; and after 96 h, 3 paws were processed
and measured together. Cell suspensions were stained with streptavidin-conjugated mouse …

Touch and mechanical pain are first detected at our largest sensory surface, the skin. The
cell bodies of sensory neurons that detect such stimuli are located in the dorsal root ganglia, …

Indiscriminate activation of opioid receptors provides pain relief but also severe central and
intestinal side effects. We hypothesized that exploiting pathological (rather than physiological…

Opioids are the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain, but they also cause
addiction and overdose deaths, which have led to a worldwide opioid crisis. Therefore, the …

… 12 h, 24 h or 4 days following the last dose, which indicates opioid withdrawal-induced
hyperalgesia (95, 105, 135–142). Therefore, these effects can be viewed in the context of …

The analgesic effects of leukocyte-derived opioids have been exclusively demonstrated for
somatic inflammatory pain, for example, the pain associated with surgery and arthritis. …

Neuroimmune interactions control pain through activation of opioid receptors on sensory
nerves by immune-derived opioid peptides. Here we evaluate mechanisms of intrinsic pain …