G protein-coupled dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mediate all of the physiological
functions of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, ranging from voluntary …

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) represent a subclass of glutamate receptors that
play a critical role in neuronal development and physiology. We report here the generation …

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial
publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key …

The classical biogenic amine neurotransmitters — dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine
— control a variety of functions including locomotion, autonomic function, …

The ability of morphine to alleviate pain is mediated through a heterotrimeric guanine
nucleotide binding protein (G protein)–coupled heptahelical receptor (GPCR), the μ opioid …

Transplantation of dopaminergic neurons can potentially improve the clinical outcome of
Parkinson’s disease, a neurological disorder resulting from degeneration of mesencephalic …

Dopamine plays an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and D2 class dopamine
receptors are the best-established target of antipsychotic drugs. Here we show that D2 class-…

Morphine is a powerful pain reliever, but also a potent inducer of tolerance and dependence.
The development of opiate tolerance occurs on continued use of the drug such that the …

The mechanism by which psychostimulants act as calming agents in humans with attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or hyperkinetic disorder is currently unknown. Mice …

▪ Abstract G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) have proven to be the most highly favorable
class of drug targets in modern pharmacology. Over 90% of nonsensory GPCRs are …