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Review ArticleReview

Long-Circulating and Target-Specific Nanoparticles: Theory to Practice

S. Moein Moghimi, A. Christy Hunter and J. Clifford Murray
Pharmacological Reviews June 2001, 53 (2) 283-318;
S. Moein Moghimi
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A. Christy Hunter
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J. Clifford Murray
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Abstract

The rapid recognition of intravenously injected colloidal carriers, such as liposomes and polymeric nanospheres from the blood by Kupffer cells, has initiated a surge of development for “Kupffer cell-evading” or long-circulating particles. Such carriers have applications in vascular drug delivery and release, site-specific targeting (passive as well as active targeting), as well as transfusion medicine. In this article we have critically reviewed and assessed the rational approaches in the design as well as the biological performance of such constructs. For engineering and design of long-circulating carriers, we have taken a lead from nature. Here, we have explored the surface mechanisms, which affords red blood cells long-circulatory lives and the ability of specific microorganisms to evade macrophage recognition. Our analysis is then centered where such strategies have been translated and fabricated to design a wide range of particulate carriers (e.g., nanospheres, liposomes, micelles, oil-in-water emulsions) with prolonged circulation and/or target specificity. With regard to the targeting issues, attention is particularly focused on the importance of physiological barriers and disease states.

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Pharmacological Reviews: 53 (2)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 53, Issue 2
1 Jun 2001
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Review ArticleReview

Long-Circulating and Target-Specific Nanoparticles: Theory to Practice

S. Moein Moghimi, A. Christy Hunter and J. Clifford Murray
Pharmacological Reviews June 1, 2001, 53 (2) 283-318;

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Review ArticleReview

Long-Circulating and Target-Specific Nanoparticles: Theory to Practice

S. Moein Moghimi, A. Christy Hunter and J. Clifford Murray
Pharmacological Reviews June 1, 2001, 53 (2) 283-318;
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Theoretical Applications of Long-Circulating Particulate Carriers in Experimental and Clinical Medicine
    • III. Rational Approaches in the Design of Long-Circulating Particles
    • IV. Translation of Microbial and Related Mammalian Technologies to Nanoparticle Engineering
    • V. Synthetic Polymers in Colloid Engineering
    • VI. Essential Thoughts on Using Polymers in Nanoparticle Engineering
    • VII. Why Are Polymer-Coated Long-Circulating Particles Eventually Cleared by Macrophages?
    • VIII. Experimental and Clinical Trials with Parenterally Administered Long-Circulating Particles: Achievements and Pitfalls
    • IX. Conclusions
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