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Review ArticleReview

Vascular Adrenoceptors: An Update

Serafim Guimarães and Daniel Moura
Pharmacological Reviews June 2001, 53 (2) 319-356;
Serafim Guimarães
Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Daniel Moura
Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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  • Correction to “Vascular Adrenoceptors: An Update” - September 01, 2001

Abstract

The total and regional peripheral resistance and capacitance of the vascular system is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, which influences the vasculature mainly through changes in the release of catecholamines from both the sympathetic nerve terminals and the adrenal medulla. The knowledge of the targets for noradrenaline and adrenaline, the main endogenous catecholamines mediating that influence, has recently been greatly expanded. From two types of adrenoceptors (α and β), we have now nine subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D, α2A/D, α2B, α2A/D, β1, β2, and β3) and two other candidates (α1L and β4), which may be conformational states of α1A and β1-adrenoceptors, respectively. The vascular endothelium is now known to be more than a pure anatomical entity, which smoothly contacts the blood and forms a passive barrier against plasma lipids. Instead, the endothelium is an important organ possessing at least five different adrenoceptor subtypes (α2A/D, α2C, β1, β2, and β3), which either directly or through the release of nitric oxide actively participate in the regulation of the vascular tone. The availability of transgenic models has resulted in a stepwise progression toward the identification of the role of each adrenoceptor subtype in the regulation of blood pressure and fine-tuning of blood supply to the different organs: α2A/D-adrenoceptors are involved in the central control of blood pressure; α1-(primarily) and α2B-adrenoceptors (secondarily) contribute to the peripheral regulation of vascular tone; and α2A/D- and α2C-adrenoceptors modulate transmitter release. The increased knowledge on the involvement of vascular adrenoceptors in many diseases like Raynaud's, scleroderma, several neurological degenerative diseases (familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, Parkinson disease, multiple-system atrophy), some kinds of hypertension, etc., will contribute to new and better therapeutic approaches.

Footnotes

  • ↵1 Address for correspondence: Dr. Serafim Guimarães, Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. E-mail:sguimara{at}med.up.pt

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Pharmacological Reviews: 53 (2)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 53, Issue 2
1 Jun 2001
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Review ArticleReview

Vascular Adrenoceptors: An Update

Serafim Guimarães and Daniel Moura
Pharmacological Reviews June 1, 2001, 53 (2) 319-356;

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Review ArticleReview

Vascular Adrenoceptors: An Update

Serafim Guimarães and Daniel Moura
Pharmacological Reviews June 1, 2001, 53 (2) 319-356;
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Subclassification of Adrenoceptors
    • III. Postjunctional Adrenoceptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle
    • IV. Prejunctional Adrenoceptors
    • V. Endothelial Adrenoceptors
    • VI. Distribution of Vascular Adrenoceptors
    • VII. Influence of Maturation and Aging
    • VIII. Influence of Temperature on Vascular Adrenoceptor-Mediated Responses
    • IX. Vascular Adrenoceptors in Some Diseases
    • X. Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • Abbreviations
    • References
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