Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Fast Forward
    • Latest Articles
    • Archive
  • Information
    • Instructions to Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • FAQs
    • For Subscribers
    • Terms & Conditions of Use
    • Permissions
  • Editorial Board
  • Alerts
    • Alerts
    • RSS Feeds
  • Virtual Issues
  • Feedback
  • Submit
  • Other Publications
    • Drug Metabolism and Disposition
    • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    • Molecular Pharmacology
    • Pharmacological Reviews
    • Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
    • ASPET

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Pharmacological Reviews
  • Other Publications
    • Drug Metabolism and Disposition
    • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    • Molecular Pharmacology
    • Pharmacological Reviews
    • Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
    • ASPET
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Pharmacological Reviews

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Fast Forward
    • Latest Articles
    • Archive
  • Information
    • Instructions to Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • FAQs
    • For Subscribers
    • Terms & Conditions of Use
    • Permissions
  • Editorial Board
  • Alerts
    • Alerts
    • RSS Feeds
  • Virtual Issues
  • Feedback
  • Submit
  • Visit Pharm Rev on Facebook
  • Follow Pharm Rev on Twitter
  • Follow ASPET on LinkedIn
Review ArticleReview

Norepinephrine and β2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Regulate CD4+ T and B Lymphocyte Function in Vitro and in Vivo

Adam P. Kohm and Virginia M. Sanders
Pharmacological Reviews December 2001, 53 (4) 487-525;
Adam P. Kohm
1 2
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Virginia M. Sanders
1 2
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

Historically, norepinephrine and the sympathetic nervous system have been associated with the “fight or flight” response, and they also contribute to the regulation of autonomic activity within the body, such as cardiovascular function. In addition, evidence over the past 30 years suggests that norepinephrine may also regulate the function of immune cells that protect the body against pathogens. The presence of sympathetic nerve fibers and the release of norepinephrine within lymphoid organs represent a mechanism by which signals from the central nervous system may influence immune cell function. The T cell-dependent antibody response is essential to successful host defense against numerous environmental pathogens. It is during this response that CD4+ T and B lymphocytes are activated to produce cytokines and antibody, respectively, leading to immune competence and protection. The goal of this review is to discuss the evidence supporting the release of norepinephrine within lymphoid organs and the expression of the β2-adrenergic receptor by CD4+ T and B lymphocytes. We also discuss the mechanisms by which β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation affects the level of cytokine and antibody produced by these cells both in vitro and in vivo. In cases where conflicting findings have been reported, we discuss potential variables that may have contributed to these conflicting findings. To conclude, we discuss the disease- and health-specific implications of the basic research being done in the area of sympathetic nervous system regulation of T and B lymphocyte function.

Footnotes

  • ↵1 Address for correspondence: Virginia M. Sanders, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, 2078 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th St., Columbus, OH 43210-1239. E-mail: A-Kohm{at}Northwestern.edu (Adam P. Kohn) E-mail: VSANDER{at}LUMC.EDU

  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
View Full Text

PharmRev articles become freely available 12 months after publication, and remain freely available for 5 years. 

Non-open access articles that fall outside this five year window are available only to institutional subscribers and current ASPET members, or through the article purchase feature at the bottom of the page. 

 

  • Click here for information on institutional subscriptions.
  • Click here for information on individual ASPET membership.

 

Log in using your username and password

Forgot your user name or password?

Purchase access

You may purchase access to this article. This will require you to create an account if you don't already have one.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Pharmacological Reviews: 53 (4)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 53, Issue 4
1 Dec 2001
  • Table of Contents
  • About the Cover
  • Index by author
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for sharing this Pharmacological Reviews article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Norepinephrine and β2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Regulate CD4+ T and B Lymphocyte Function in Vitro and in Vivo
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Pharmacological Reviews
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Pharmacological Reviews.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Review ArticleReview

Norepinephrine and β2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Regulate CD4+ T and B Lymphocyte Function in Vitro and in Vivo

Adam P. Kohm and Virginia M. Sanders
Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2001, 53 (4) 487-525;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero

Share
Review ArticleReview

Norepinephrine and β2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Regulate CD4+ T and B Lymphocyte Function in Vitro and in Vivo

Adam P. Kohm and Virginia M. Sanders
Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2001, 53 (4) 487-525;
Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Background
    • II. Evidence and Mechanisms for the Release of Norepinephrine in Lymphoid Organs
    • III. β-Adrenergic Receptor Expression on CD4+ T and B Lymphocytes
    • IV. Effects on CD4+ T Lymphocytes
    • V. Effects on B Lymphocytes
    • VI. Disease- and Health-Specific Implications
    • Acknowledgements
    • Footnotes
    • Abbreviations
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

  • International Union of Pharmacology. XXXIX. Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: Sodium Channels
  • International Union of Pharmacology. XL. Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: Calcium Channels
  • International Union of Pharmacology. XLI. Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: Potassium Channels
Show more REVIEW

Similar Articles

Advertisement
  • Home
  • Alerts
Facebook   Twitter   LinkedIn   RSS

Navigate

  • Current Issue
  • Latest Articles
  • Archive
  • Search for Articles
  • Feedback
  • ASPET

More Information

  • About Pharmacological Reviews
  • Editorial Board
  • Instructions to Authors
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Customized Alerts
  • RSS Feeds
  • Subscriptions
  • Permissions
  • Terms & Conditions of Use

ASPET's Other Journals

  • Drug Metabolism and Disposition
  • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
  • Molecular Pharmacology
  • Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
ISSN 1521-0081 (Online)

Copyright © 2023 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics