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Research ArticleArticle

Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Peter J. Barnes
Pharmacological Reviews December 2004, 56 (4) 515-548; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.56.4.2
Peter J. Barnes
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and increasing global health problem that is now a leading cause of death. COPD is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, predominantly in small airways and lung parenchyma, which is characterized by increased numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. The inflammatory mediators involved in COPD have not been clearly defined, in contrast to asthma, but it is now apparent that many lipid mediators, inflammatory peptides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors are involved in orchestrating the complex inflammatory process that results in small airway fibrosis and alveolar destruction. Many proteases are also involved in the inflammatory process and are responsible for the destruction of elastin fibers in the lung parenchyma, which is the hallmark of emphysema. The identification of inflammatory mediators and understanding their interactions is important for the development of anti-inflammatory treatments for this important disease.

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Pharmacological Reviews: 56 (4)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 56, Issue 4
1 Dec 2004
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Research ArticleArticle

Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Peter J. Barnes
Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2004, 56 (4) 515-548; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.56.4.2

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Research ArticleArticle

Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Peter J. Barnes
Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2004, 56 (4) 515-548; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.56.4.2
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as an Inflammatory Disease
    • III. Lipid Mediators
    • IV. Reactive Oxygen Species
    • V. Nitric Oxide
    • VI. Peptide Mediators
    • VII. Chemokines
    • VIII. Cytokines
    • IX. Growth Factors
    • X. Proteases
    • XI. Conclusions
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    • References
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