Research ArticleSpecial Issue IUPHAR Compendium of the Pharmacology and Classification of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily 2006
International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Liliane Michalik, Johan Auwerx, Joel P. Berger, V. Krishna Chatterjee, Christopher K. Glass, Frank J. Gonzalez, Paul A. Grimaldi, Takashi Kadowaki, Mitchell A. Lazar, Stephen O'Rahilly, Colin N. A. Palmer, Jorge Plutzky, Janardan K. Reddy, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Bart Staels and Walter Wahli
Pharmacological Reviews December 2006, 58 (4) 726-741; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.58.4.5
Liliane Michalik
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Johan Auwerx
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Joel P. Berger
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
V. Krishna Chatterjee
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Christopher K. Glass
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Frank J. Gonzalez
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Paul A. Grimaldi
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Takashi Kadowaki
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Mitchell A. Lazar
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Stephen O'Rahilly
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Colin N. A. Palmer
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Jorge Plutzky
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Janardan K. Reddy
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Bruce M. Spiegelman
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Bart Staels
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Walter Wahli
Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
Article Information
vol. 58 no. 4 726-741
PubMed
Print ISSN
Online ISSN
History
- Published online November 28, 2006.
Copyright & Usage
The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Author Information
- Liliane Michalik,
- Johan Auwerx,
- Joel P. Berger,
- V. Krishna Chatterjee,
- Christopher K. Glass,
- Frank J. Gonzalez,
- Paul A. Grimaldi,
- Takashi Kadowaki,
- Mitchell A. Lazar,
- Stephen O'Rahilly,
- Colin N. A. Palmer,
- Jorge Plutzky,
- Janardan K. Reddy,
- Bruce M. Spiegelman,
- Bart Staels, and
- Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Centre “Frontiers in Genetics,” University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (L.M., W.W.); Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France (J.A.); Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey (J.P.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.C., S.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (C.K.G.); Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U636, Centre de Biochimie, l'Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (P.A.G.); Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (T.K.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A.L.); Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (C.N.A.P.); Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.P.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.A.R.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.S.); and Unité de Recherche 545, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France (B.S.)
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Walter Wahli, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Genopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: walter.wahli{at}unil.ch
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Research ArticleSpecial Issue IUPHAR Compendium of the Pharmacology and Classification of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily 2006
International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Liliane Michalik, Johan Auwerx, Joel P. Berger, V. Krishna Chatterjee, Christopher K. Glass, Frank J. Gonzalez, Paul A. Grimaldi, Takashi Kadowaki, Mitchell A. Lazar, Stephen O'Rahilly, Colin N. A. Palmer, Jorge Plutzky, Janardan K. Reddy, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Bart Staels and Walter Wahli
Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2006, 58 (4) 726-741; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.58.4.5
Research ArticleSpecial Issue IUPHAR Compendium of the Pharmacology and Classification of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily 2006
International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Liliane Michalik, Johan Auwerx, Joel P. Berger, V. Krishna Chatterjee, Christopher K. Glass, Frank J. Gonzalez, Paul A. Grimaldi, Takashi Kadowaki, Mitchell A. Lazar, Stephen O'Rahilly, Colin N. A. Palmer, Jorge Plutzky, Janardan K. Reddy, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Bart Staels and Walter Wahli
Pharmacological Reviews December 1, 2006, 58 (4) 726-741; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.58.4.5
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