Review ArticleReview Article
Antipsychotic Drugs: Comparison in Animal Models of Efficacy, Neurotransmitter Regulation, and Neuroprotection
Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Frank P. Bymaster, Herbert Y. Meltzer, Ariel Y. Deutch, Gary E. Duncan, Christine E. Marx, June R. Aprille, Donard S. Dwyer, Xin-Min Li, Sahebarao P. Mahadik, Ronald S. Duman, Joseph H. Porter, Josephine S. Modica-Napolitano, Samuel S. Newton and John G. Csernansky
Pharmacological Reviews September 2008, 60 (3) 358-403; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.107.00107
Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Frank P. Bymaster
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Herbert Y. Meltzer
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Ariel Y. Deutch
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Gary E. Duncan
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Christine E. Marx
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
June R. Aprille
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Donard S. Dwyer
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Xin-Min Li
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Sahebarao P. Mahadik
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Ronald S. Duman
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Joseph H. Porter
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Josephine S. Modica-Napolitano
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
Samuel S. Newton
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
John G. Csernansky
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (J.A.L.); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (F.P.B.); Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee (H.Y.M); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.Y.D.); Departments of Psychiatry & Biology, University of North Carolina System–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (G.E.D.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (C.E.M.); Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia (J.R.A.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana (D.S.D); Department of Psychiatry and International Medical Graduate Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (X.-M.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia and Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (S.P.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.S.D., S.S.N.); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (J.H.P.); Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts (J.S.M.-N.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (J.G.C.)
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In this issue
Review ArticleReview Article
Antipsychotic Drugs: Comparison in Animal Models of Efficacy, Neurotransmitter Regulation, and Neuroprotection
Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Frank P. Bymaster, Herbert Y. Meltzer, Ariel Y. Deutch, Gary E. Duncan, Christine E. Marx, June R. Aprille, Donard S. Dwyer, Xin-Min Li, Sahebarao P. Mahadik, Ronald S. Duman, Joseph H. Porter, Josephine S. Modica-Napolitano, Samuel S. Newton and John G. Csernansky
Pharmacological Reviews September 1, 2008, 60 (3) 358-403; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.107.00107
Review ArticleReview Article
Antipsychotic Drugs: Comparison in Animal Models of Efficacy, Neurotransmitter Regulation, and Neuroprotection
Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Frank P. Bymaster, Herbert Y. Meltzer, Ariel Y. Deutch, Gary E. Duncan, Christine E. Marx, June R. Aprille, Donard S. Dwyer, Xin-Min Li, Sahebarao P. Mahadik, Ronald S. Duman, Joseph H. Porter, Josephine S. Modica-Napolitano, Samuel S. Newton and John G. Csernansky
Pharmacological Reviews September 1, 2008, 60 (3) 358-403; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.107.00107
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