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Review ArticleReview Article

Exciting Times beyond the Brain: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral and Non-Neural Tissues

Marcela Julio-Pieper, Peter J. Flor, Timothy G. Dinan and John F. Cryan
David R. Sibley, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Pharmacological Reviews March 2011, 63 (1) 35-58; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.110.004036
Marcela Julio-Pieper
Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (M.J.-P., T.G.D., J.F.C.), Department of Psychiatry (T.G.D.), Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (J.F.C.), and School of Pharmacy (J.F.C.), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.J.F.)
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Peter J. Flor
Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (M.J.-P., T.G.D., J.F.C.), Department of Psychiatry (T.G.D.), Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (J.F.C.), and School of Pharmacy (J.F.C.), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.J.F.)
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Timothy G. Dinan
Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (M.J.-P., T.G.D., J.F.C.), Department of Psychiatry (T.G.D.), Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (J.F.C.), and School of Pharmacy (J.F.C.), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.J.F.)
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John F. Cryan
Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (M.J.-P., T.G.D., J.F.C.), Department of Psychiatry (T.G.D.), Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (J.F.C.), and School of Pharmacy (J.F.C.), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.J.F.)
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David R. Sibley
Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (M.J.-P., T.G.D., J.F.C.), Department of Psychiatry (T.G.D.), Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (J.F.C.), and School of Pharmacy (J.F.C.), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.J.F.)
Roles: ASSOCIATE EDITOR
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Abstract

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors expressed primarily on neurons and glial cells, where they are located in the proximity of the synaptic cleft. In the central nervous system (CNS), mGlu receptors modulate the effects of l-glutamate neurotransmission in addition to that of a variety of other neurotransmitters. However, mGlu receptors also have a widespread distribution outside the CNS that has been somewhat neglected to date. Based on this expression, diverse roles of mGlu receptors have been suggested in a variety of processes in health and disease including controlling hormone production in the adrenal gland and pancreas, regulating mineralization in the developing cartilage, modulating lymphocyte cytokine production, directing the state of differentiation in embryonic stem cells, and modulating gastrointestinal secretory function. Understanding the role of mGlu receptors in the periphery will also provide a better insight into potential side effects of drugs currently being developed for neurological and psychiatric conditions. This review summarizes the new potential roles of mGlu receptors and raises the possibility of novel pharmacological targets for various disorders.

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  • This article is available online at http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org.

    doi:10.1124/pr.110.004036.

  • © 2011 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Pharmacological Reviews: 63 (1)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 63, Issue 1
1 Mar 2011
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Review ArticleReview Article

Exciting Times beyond the Brain: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral and Non-Neural Tissues

Marcela Julio-Pieper, Peter J. Flor, Timothy G. Dinan and John F. Cryan
Pharmacological Reviews March 1, 2011, 63 (1) 35-58; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.110.004036

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Review ArticleReview Article

Exciting Times beyond the Brain: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral and Non-Neural Tissues

Marcela Julio-Pieper, Peter J. Flor, Timothy G. Dinan and John F. Cryan
Pharmacological Reviews March 1, 2011, 63 (1) 35-58; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.110.004036
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Sources of Peripheral Glutamate in Health and Disease
    • III. Evolutionary Aspects of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
    • IV. Gastrointestinal Tract: a Multitasking Site for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
    • V. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Renal and Hepatic Function
    • VI. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Regulation of Endocrine Function
    • VII. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and the Immune Response
    • VIII. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Endothelial Function
    • IX. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Muscloskeletal System: a Role in the Maintenance of Bone Mass
    • X. Sensing the World through mGlu Receptors
    • XI. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Commanding Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Transformation
    • XII. Other Tissues Expressing Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
    • XIII. Intracellular Signaling Driven by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Non-Neural Tissues
    • XIV. Concluding Remarks
    • Authorship Contributions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
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  • eLetters
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