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Review ArticleReview Article

Dual Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Gillina F. G. Bezemer, Seil Sagar, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Niki A. Georgiou, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld and Gert Folkerts
Clive Page, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Pharmacological Reviews April 2012, 64 (2) 337-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.004622
Gillina F. G. Bezemer
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Seil Sagar
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Niki A. Georgiou
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Johan Garssen
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Aletta D. Kraneveld
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Gert Folkerts
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
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Clive Page
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (G.F.G.B., S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G., A.D.K., G.F.); and Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (S.S., J.v.B., N.A.G., J.G.)
Roles: ASSOCIATE EDITOR
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Abstract

During the last decade, significant research has been focused on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of airway diseases. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that play pivotal roles in the detection of and response to pathogens. Because of the involvement of TLRs in innate and adaptive immunity, these receptors are currently being exploited as possible targets for drug development. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory airway diseases in which innate and adaptive immunity play an important role. To date, asthma is the most common chronic disease in children aged 5 years and older. COPD is prevalent amongst the elderly and is currently the fifth-leading cause of death worldwide with still-growing prevalence. Both of these inflammatory diseases result in shortness of breath, which is treated, often ineffectively, with bronchodilators and glucocorticosteroids. Symptomatic treatment approaches are similar for both diseases; however, the underlying immunological mechanisms differ greatly. There is a clear need for improved treatment specific for asthma and for COPD. This review provides an update on the role of TLRs in asthma and in COPD and discusses the merits and difficulties of targeting these proteins as novel treatment strategies for airway diseases. TLR agonist, TLR adjuvant, and TLR antagonist therapies could all be argued to be effective in airway disease management. Because of a possible dual role of TLRs in airway diseases with shared symptoms and risk factors but different immunological mechanisms, caution should be taken while designing pulmonary TLR-based therapies.

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  • This article is available online at http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.004622.

  • © 2012 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Pharmacological Reviews: 64 (2)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 64, Issue 2
1 Apr 2012
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Review ArticleReview Article

TLR IN AIRWAY DISEASES

Gillina F. G. Bezemer, Seil Sagar, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Niki A. Georgiou, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld and Gert Folkerts
Pharmacological Reviews April 1, 2012, 64 (2) 337-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.004622

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Review ArticleReview Article

TLR IN AIRWAY DISEASES

Gillina F. G. Bezemer, Seil Sagar, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Niki A. Georgiou, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld and Gert Folkerts
Pharmacological Reviews April 1, 2012, 64 (2) 337-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.004622
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. The Toll-Like Receptor Family
    • III. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Asthma
    • IV. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • V. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Airway Disease Exacerbations
    • VI. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Tissue Homeostasis
    • VII. Toll-Like Receptors as Therapeutic Targets
    • VIII. Concluding Remarks
    • Acknowledgments
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