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Review ArticleReview Article

Therapeutic Targeting of Autophagy in Disease: Biology and Pharmacology

Yan Cheng, Xingcong Ren, William N. Hait and Jin-Ming Yang
Qiang Ma, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Pharmacological Reviews October 2013, 65 (4) 1162-1197; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.112.007120
Yan Cheng
Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Y.C., X.R.,J-M.Y.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey (W.N.H.)
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Xingcong Ren
Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Y.C., X.R.,J-M.Y.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey (W.N.H.)
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William N. Hait
Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Y.C., X.R.,J-M.Y.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey (W.N.H.)
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Jin-Ming Yang
Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Y.C., X.R.,J-M.Y.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey (W.N.H.)
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Qiang Ma
Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Y.C., X.R.,J-M.Y.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey (W.N.H.)
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Abstract

Autophagy, a process of self-digestion of the cytoplasm and organelles through which cellular components are recycled for reuse or energy production, is an evolutionarily conserved response to metabolic stress found in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. It is noteworthy that autophagy is also associated with various pathophysiologic conditions in which this cellular process plays either a cytoprotective or cytopathic role in response to a variety of stresses such as metabolic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and therapeutic stress. It is now generally believed that modulating the activity of autophagy through targeting specific regulatory molecules in the autophagy machinery may impact disease processes, thus autophagy may represent a new pharmacologic target for drug development and therapeutic intervention of various human disorders. Induction or inhibition of autophagy using small molecule compounds has shown promise in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Depending on context, induction or suppression of autophagy may exert therapeutic effects via promoting either cell survival or death, two major events targeted by therapies for various disorders. A better understanding of the biology of autophagy and the pharmacology of autophagy modulators has the potential for facilitating the development of autophagy-based therapeutic interventions for several human diseases.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute [Grant R01 CA135038] (to J.Y.); Elsa Pardee Foundation (to J.Y.); and the Department of Defense [Grant BC103654] (to Y.C.).

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.112.007120.

  • Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Pharmacological Reviews: 65 (4)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 65, Issue 4
1 Oct 2013
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Review ArticleReview Article

Autophagy, Diseases, and Pharmacology

Yan Cheng, Xingcong Ren, William N. Hait and Jin-Ming Yang
Pharmacological Reviews October 1, 2013, 65 (4) 1162-1197; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.112.007120

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Review ArticleReview Article

Autophagy, Diseases, and Pharmacology

Yan Cheng, Xingcong Ren, William N. Hait and Jin-Ming Yang
Pharmacological Reviews October 1, 2013, 65 (4) 1162-1197; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.112.007120
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction: Autophagy as a New Therapeutic Target
    • II. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Autophagy
    • III. Relevance of Autophagy to Human Diseases
    • IV. Pharmacologic Modulation of Autophagy: Novel Therapeutic Intervention
    • V. Conclusion and Perspective
    • Acknowledgments
    • Authorship Contributions
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