Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Chemical structures of serotonin and LSD.
- Fig. 2.
Chemical structures of classic psychadelics mescaline, psilocybin, and DMT.
- Fig. 3.
NBOMe compounds.
- Fig. 4.
Chemical structures of DOM, DOB, and DOI.
Tables
- TABLE 1
A comparison of human doses of selected hallucinogens with their potency using drug discrimination tests in LSD-trained rats
Where available, Ki values for cloned human 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors are also listed for comparison. Compounds are ranked by relative human potency. Reproduced by permission of Elsevier from Nichols (2004).
Druga Ki for 5-HT2Ab Ki for 5-HT2Cb DD ED50c Potency Relative to LSD (Rat DD) Human Dosed Potency Relative to LSD (Human) nM μM/kg mg EthLAD — — 0.02 185 0.04–0.15 140 AllyLAD — — 0.013 285 0.08–0.16 110 LSD 2–4 3–6 0.037 100 0.06–0.20 100 ProLAD — — 0.037 100 0.10–0.20 90 DOB 0.6 1.3 1.06 2.3 1–3 7 DOI 0.7 2.4 0.28 9.2 1.5–3 6 DOM 19 ND 0.89 3.3 3–10 2 Psilocin 15–25 10 1.0 2.6 10–15 1 DMCPA ND ND 0.66 4.5 15–20 0.7 MEM 73 124 12 0.2 20–50 0.4 MMDA-2 ND ND 7 0.4 25–50 0.4 Mescaline 550 300 34 0.08 200–400 0.04 AllyLAD, N-allyl-N(6)-norLSD; DD, drug discrimination; DMCPA, (±)-trans-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenylcyclopropylamine; EthLAD, N-ethyl-N(6)-norLSD; MEM, (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine; MMDA-2, (±)-2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine; ProLAD, N-n-propyl-N(6)-norLSD.
↵a Drug abbreviations are from Shulgin and Shulgin (1991, 1997).
↵b Affinity of phenethylamines in cloned receptors taken from Nelson et al. (1999); mescaline affinity is from Monte et al. (1997).
↵c Drug discrimination data from Blair et al. (2000), Hoffman and Nichols (1985), Monte et al. (1997), and Nichols et al. (1984a,b, 1986, 1991).
↵dAveraged dose range from Shulgin & Shulgin (1991, 1997) (LSD = 100).
In this issue
Jump to section
- Article
- Abstract
- I. Introduction
- II. Safety of Psychedelics
- III. Mechanism of Action
- IV. Where Is the Serotonin 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptor Expressed?
- V. Effects on Visual Perception
- VI. Effects on Sleep
- VII. Effects on Time Perception
- VIII. Use of Animal Models
- IX. Potential Therapeutic Value for Psychedelics
- X. Models of Psychosis
- XI. Use as Tools to Study Brain Function and Connectivity
- XII. Conclusion and Outlook
- Acknowledgments
- Authorship Contributions
- Footnotes
- Abbreviations
- References
- Figures & Data
- Info & Metrics
- eLetters