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Review ArticleReview Article
Open Access

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Marco Pirazzini, Ornella Rossetto, Roberto Eleopra and Cesare Montecucco
Jeffrey M. Witkin, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Pharmacological Reviews April 2017, 69 (2) 200-235; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.116.012658
Marco Pirazzini
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
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Ornella Rossetto
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
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Roberto Eleopra
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
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Cesare Montecucco
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
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Jeffrey M. Witkin
Roles: ASSOCIATE EDITOR
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Article Information

vol. 69 no. 2 200-235
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.116.012658
PubMed 
28356439

Published By 
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Print ISSN 
0031-6997
Online ISSN 
1521-0081
History 
  • Published online March 29, 2017.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2017 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC Attribution 4.0 International license.

Author Information

  1. Marco Pirazzini,
  2. Ornella Rossetto,
  3. Roberto Eleopra, and
  4. Cesare Montecucco
  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
  1. Jeffrey M. Witkin, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
  1. Address correspondence to:
    Cesare Montecucco, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy. E-mail: cesare.montecucco{at}gmail.com
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Pharmacological Reviews: 69 (2)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 69, Issue 2
1 Apr 2017
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Review ArticleReview Article

Biological Actions of Botulinum Neurotoxins

Marco Pirazzini, Ornella Rossetto, Roberto Eleopra and Cesare Montecucco
Pharmacological Reviews April 1, 2017, 69 (2) 200-235; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.116.012658

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Review ArticleReview Article

Biological Actions of Botulinum Neurotoxins

Marco Pirazzini, Ornella Rossetto, Roberto Eleopra and Cesare Montecucco
Pharmacological Reviews April 1, 2017, 69 (2) 200-235; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.116.012658
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Biology
    • III. Pharmacology
    • IV. Toxicity of Botulinum Neurotoxins
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