I1 | LNP509, LNP599, LNP91, LNP911 | Cell viability | Is antiproliferative; protects cell viability | Blood pressure | Reduces blood pressure and heart rate |
| | Insulin and adiponectin | Stimulates the secretion of adiponectin; increases insulin sensitivity; is insulinotropic | Heart arrhythmia | Has an antiarrhythmic effect |
| | Neurons | Increases MAPK activity; decreases GABAA receptor–mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents | Heart failure | Improves cardiac performance in congestive heart failure; prevents ventral hypertrophy |
| | | | Glucose and lipid metabolism | Reduces insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome |
I2 | 2-BFI, BU224, CR4056, tracizoline, idazoxan, phenyzoline | | | Pain | Is antinociceptive in multiple models of chronic pain; enhances the antinociceptive effects of opioids; reduces antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence of opioids |
| | | | Subjective effects | Produces characteristic discriminative stimulus effects specific to I2 receptor activation |
| | | | Neuroprotection | Is neuroprotective in a rat cerebral ischemia model |
| | | | Body temperature | Reduces body temperature and may involve temperature regulation |
I3 | KU-14R | Insulin secretion | Facilitates insulin secretion | | |