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Open Access

The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway

V. Kapil, R. S. Khambata, D. A. Jones, K. Rathod, C. Primus, G. Massimo, J. M. Fukuto and A. Ahluwalia
Christopher J. Garland, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Pharmacological Reviews July 2020, 72 (3) 692-766; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.019240
V. Kapil
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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R. S. Khambata
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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D. A. Jones
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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K. Rathod
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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C. Primus
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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G. Massimo
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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J. M. Fukuto
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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A. Ahluwalia
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
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Christopher J. Garland
Roles: ASSOCIATE EDITOR
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Article Information

vol. 72 no. 3 692-766
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.019240
PubMed 
32576603

Published By 
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Print ISSN 
0031-6997
Online ISSN 
1521-0081
History 
  • Published online June 23, 2020.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2020 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC Attribution 4.0 International license.

Author Information

  1. V. Kapil,
  2. R. S. Khambata,
  3. D. A. Jones,
  4. K. Rathod,
  5. C. Primus,
  6. G. Massimo,
  7. J. M. Fukuto, and
  8. A. Ahluwalia
  1. William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (V.K., R.S.K., D.A.J., K.R., C.P., G.M., A.A.) and Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (J.M.F.)
  1. Christopher J. Garland, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
  1. Address correspondence to:
    A. Ahluwalia, Centre for Cardiac Medicines and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. E-mail: a.ahluwalia{at}qmul.ac.uk
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Jul 2020373728244
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Pharmacological Reviews: 72 (3)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 72, Issue 3
1 Jul 2020
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Review ArticleReview Article

Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway

V. Kapil, R. S. Khambata, D. A. Jones, K. Rathod, C. Primus, G. Massimo, J. M. Fukuto and A. Ahluwalia
Pharmacological Reviews July 1, 2020, 72 (3) 692-766; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.019240

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Review ArticleReview Article

Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway

V. Kapil, R. S. Khambata, D. A. Jones, K. Rathod, C. Primus, G. Massimo, J. M. Fukuto and A. Ahluwalia
Pharmacological Reviews July 1, 2020, 72 (3) 692-766; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.019240
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Inorganic Nitrite and Nitrate
    • III. Sources and Pharmacokinetics of Nitrate
    • IV. Sources and Pharmacokinetics of Nitrite
    • V. Mechanisms of Nitrite Bioactivation
    • VI. Functional Effects of the Noncanonical ·NO Pathway and Clinical Translation
    • VII. Concerns Regarding Nitrite- and Nitrate-Based Therapeutics
    • VIII. Conclusions
    • Authorship Contributions
    • Footnotes
    • Abbreviations
    • References
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