Inhaled treatments for ARDS/pneumonia/COVID-19 |
GM-CSF | T-cell cytokine | COVID-19 pneumonia | II 2020 | Justus-Liebig University Gießenb | ARDS preventive treatment in infected patients |
Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) | Chemoprotective agent | COVID-19 lung complications | II 2020 | Kafrelsheikh Universityd | Lung protective effect in combination with 1) oral tamoxifen 2) inhaled itraconazole |
Solnatide (synthetic peptide) | ENaC activator | 1) Moderate to severe ARDS 2) COVID-19 ARDS | II 2018 2020 | Apeptico Forschung u. Entwicklung GmbH Viennae | Dose finding study, treatment of permeability lung edema Compassionate use registered some countries |
Interferon β1a (SNG001) | Interferon/cytokine | 1) COPD with viral infection 2) COVID-19 | II 2018 III 2020 | Synairgen Research Lmtf | Tolerability/safety, PoC in e.g. common cold COPD Treatment of hospitalized patients |
Ivermectin | Antiparasitic/antiviral | COVID-19 pneumonia | III 2020 | Mansoura Universityd | Viral activity and pneumonia status, oral vs. inhaled administration |
Inhaled anti-infectives |
itraconazole | Azole antifungal | Invasive mold disease | III 2020 | Laboratories SMB S.A.g | Prevention of invasive aspergillosis |
Teicoplanin | antibiotic | chronic MRSA infection in CF | I 2019 | Neupharma Srlh | Bioavailability in the lungs |
Voriconazole (ZP-059) | Azole-antifungal | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis | I 2020 | Zambon SpAh | Tolerability and safety in patients with asthma |
PC786 | RSV polymerase inhibitor | RSV infection | II 2017/8 | Pulmocide Ltdf | RSV challenge test in healthy volunteers |
Inhaled treatments for lung diseases: interstitial lung diseases (IPFs), CF, PCD, COPD, asthma, cough |
AP01 (inhaled pirfenidone) | Antifibrotic/anti-inflammatory | ILD, including IPF | II extension 2021 | Avalyn Pharma Incc | Access for pat not/no longer eligible for RCT (inhalation to replace p.o.) |
TD-1058 | ALK5 inh/pathway of TGF-β | IPF | I 2020 | Theravance Biopharmac | phase I in healthy volunteers |
Lonodelestat (POL6014) | Neutrophil elastase inhibition inhibitor | CF | I/IIa 2018 | Santhera Pharmaceuticalsi | Tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics |
BI 1265162 | ENaC inhibitor | CF | I/II 2019 | Boehringer Ingelheimb | Tolerability, safety, and bioavailability |
SNSP113, Poly N (ace-tyl, arginyl) glucosamine | Positively charged inhaled glycopolymer | CF | IIa 2019 | Synspira Therapeutic Incc | New mechanism to break bacterial biofilms, reduce antibiotic resistance, and normalize mucus viscosity |
OligoG | Inhaled alginate oligosaccharide | CF | II 2020 | AlgiPharma ASj | New mechanisms targeting sputum viscosity + promoting antibiotic efficacy |
VX-371 | ENaC inhibitor | PCD | IIa 2016 | Parion Sciences Incc | Tested with and without oral ivacaftor (completed 2020) |
AZD8871 (LAS191351) | Muscarinic antagonist | moderate to severe COPD | IIa 2018 | AstraZenecaf | Efficacy, safety, and PK (completed) |
Nemiralisib (GSK 2269557) | PI3K-δ inhibitor | Symptomatic COPD/exacerbation history | IIa 2018 | GlaxoSmith Klinef | Novel immune-modulatory agent (study completed) |
ION-827359 | ENaC inhibitor (antisense oligonucleotide) | Mild/moderate COPD with chronic bronchitis | IIa 2020 | Ionis Pharma-ceuticals Incc | Dose finding study (completed 2021) |
CHF6001 | PDE4 inhibitor for inhalation | Severe COPD | III 2021 | Chiesi Faramaceutici S.p.a.h | Efficacy and safety in comparison with roflumilast on top of triple therapy |
Velsecorat (AZD7594) | Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator | Asthma (COPD) | I 2018 | AstraZenecaf | Ph I tolerability and safety (completed 2020)/relative bioavailability comparison of two formulations |
PRS-060 (AZD1402) | IL4Rα blocker | Difficult to treat asthma | I/II 2018 2020 | Pieris Australia Pty Ltd AstraZenecaf | First dose finding study completed, adaptive design ongoing |
NOC-100 (inhaled form of NTX-1175) | Permanently charged Na-channel blocker | Chronic and acute cough | IIa 2020 | Nocion Therapeutics Inc.c | Novel mechanism targeting nociceptors |
Capsaicin | Neurotransmitter release | Cough hypersensitivity syndrome | I 2020 | University of Montanac | Dose finding and PoC for cough desensitization therapy |
Inhaled treatments for PAH, CTEPH, cardiovascular disease |
MK-5475 | Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator | PAH | II/III 2021 | Merck Sharp & Domec | Efficacy and safety/adaptive design |
Treprostinil palmitil | Prodrug of treprostinil/vasodilator | PAH (WHO group 1) | IIa 2021 | Insmed Incc | Exploratory dose finding for new formulation DPI |
GB002 (seralutinib proposed INN) | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor antagonist | PAH (WHO group 1) | II 2020 | GB002 Inc (Gossamer Bio Inc) San Diegoc | Phase II study and open label extension (2021) |
BAY1237592 | Guanylate cyclase stimulant | PAH and CTEPH | I 2019 | Bayer AGb | Open label dose finding and safety, extension arm combined with standard of care |
Mg-sulfate inhalation + sildenafil p.o. | Vasodilator | Persistent PAH of newborns | I/II 2021 | Sohag Universityd | Tolerability, safety, and PoC |
Flecainide acetate | Na-channel blocker, antiarrhythmic | Recent onset atrial fibrillation | II 2018 | InCarda Therapeutics Inc, Newarkc | Single and repeated dose for conversion to sinus rhythm (inhalation to replace p.o.) |
Inhaled treatments for central nervous system disorders, pain |
Cromoglycate (ALZT-OP1a) (1 + 2) (3) Combi with oral ibuprofen | Mast cell stabilizer, neuroinflammatory microglia modulator, inhibitor of β-oligomerization | 1) Postischemic stroke cognitive impairment 2) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 3) Early Alzheimer | II 2020 II 2020 III 2015 | AZTherapies Inc, Bostonc | 1) Not yet recruiting 2) biomarker study 3) completed, results expected 2021 |
Granisetron (AZ-010) | Serotonin 3 receptor antagonist | Nausea and vomiting, cyclic vomiting syndrome | I 2019 II 2020 | Alexza Pharmaceuticalsc | Tolerability, safety and PK efficacy and safety (inhalation to replace p.o.) |
PPP001 inhaled cannabidiol | Cannabinoid | Break through cancer pain | II 2018 | Tetra Bio-Pharma, Orleansk | Onset of action compared with immediate release oral opiods |
Delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol | Cannabinoid | Fibromyalgia pain | II 2019 | Leiden University medical ctl | Open label PoC study to investigate cannabis-opiod interaction |