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Open Access

The Nitrogen Mustards

Martin S. Highley, Bart Landuyt, Hans Prenen, Peter G. Harper and Ernst A. De Bruijn
Michael Gottesman, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Pharmacological Reviews July 2022, 74 (3) 552-599; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000121
Martin S. Highley
Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Bart Landuyt
Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Hans Prenen
Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Peter G. Harper
Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Ernst A. De Bruijn
Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Michael Gottesman
Roles: ASSOCIATE EDITOR
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Article Information

vol. 74 no. 3 552-599
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000121
PubMed 
35710137

Published By 
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Print ISSN 
0031-6997
Online ISSN 
1521-0081
History 
  • Published online June 16, 2022.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2022 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY Attribution 4.0 International license.

Author Information

  1. Martin S. Highley,
  2. Bart Landuyt,
  3. Hans Prenen,
  4. Peter G. Harper, and
  5. Ernst A. De Bruijn
  1. Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
  1. Michael Gottesman, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
  1. Address correspondence to:
    Dr. M.S. Highley, Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth, UK PL6 8DH. E-mail: Martin.Highley{at}nhs.net
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Pharmacological Reviews: 74 (3)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 74, Issue 3
1 Jul 2022
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Review ArticleReview Article

The Nitrogen Mustards

Martin S. Highley, Bart Landuyt, Hans Prenen, Peter G. Harper and Ernst A. De Bruijn
Pharmacological Reviews July 1, 2022, 74 (3) 552-599; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000121

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Review ArticleReview Article

The Nitrogen Mustards

Martin S. Highley, Bart Landuyt, Hans Prenen, Peter G. Harper and Ernst A. De Bruijn
Pharmacological Reviews July 1, 2022, 74 (3) 552-599; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000121
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology
    • III. Immunomodulatory Activity
    • IV. Analytical Chemistry
    • V. Preclinical Pharmacology
    • VI. Clinical Pharmacology
    • VII. The Clinical Use of the Nitrogen Mustards
    • VIII. Metronomic Scheduling
    • IX. Novel Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives and Targeted Delivery Approaches
    • X. Nitrogen Mustard Combinations with Monoclonal Antibodies and Small-Molecule Targeted Agents
    • XI. Cyclophosphamide in Combination with Vaccine Therapy and Virotherapy
    • XII. Conclusions
    • XIII. Perspectives
    • Authorship Contributions
    • Footnotes
    • Abbreviations
    • References
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