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OtherReview Article

Understanding the neural mechanisms of general anesthesia from interaction with sleep-wake state: a decade of discovery

Wei-Wei Bao, Shan Jiang, Wei-Min Qu, Wen-Xian Li, Chang-Hong Miao and Zhi-Li Huang
Pharmacological Reviews February 17, 2023, PHARMREV-AR-2022-000717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.122.000717
Wei-Wei Bao
1Fudan University, China
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Shan Jiang
1Fudan University, China
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Wei-Min Qu
1Fudan University, China
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Wen-Xian Li
1Fudan University, China
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Chang-Hong Miao
1Fudan University, China
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  • For correspondence: huangzl@fudan.edu.cn
Zhi-Li Huang
2Dept of Pharmacology, Fudan University, China
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  • ORCID record for Zhi-Li Huang
  • For correspondence: huangzl@fudan.edu.cn
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Abstract

The development of cutting-edge techniques to study specific brain regions and neural circuits that regulate sleep-wake brain states and general anesthesia (GA), has increased our understanding of these states that exhibit similar neurophysiologic traits. This review summarizes current knowledge focusing on cell subtypes and neural circuits that control wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM sleep, and GA. We also review novel insights into their interactions and raise unresolved questions and challenges in this field. Comparisons of the overlapping neural substrates of sleep-wake and GA regulation will help us to understand sleep-wake transitions and how anesthetics cause reversible loss of consciousness.

Significance Statement General anesthesia (GA), sharing numerous neurophysiologic traits with the process of natural sleep, is administered to millions of surgical patients annually. In the past decade, studies exploring the neural mechanisms underlying sleep-wake and GA have advanced our understanding of their interactions and how anesthetics cause reversible loss of consciousness. Pharmacotherapies targeting the neural substrates associated with sleep-wake and GA regulation have significance for clinical practice in GA and sleep medicine.

  • anesthesia
  • brain/CNS
  • General anesthetics
  • Copyright © 2023 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Pharmacological Reviews: 75 (2)
Pharmacological Reviews
Vol. 75, Issue 2
1 Mar 2023
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OtherReview Article

Neural mechanisms of general anesthesia

Wei-Wei Bao, Shan Jiang, Wei-Min Qu, Wen-Xian Li, Chang-Hong Miao and Zhi-Li Huang
Pharmacological Reviews February 17, 2023, PHARMREV-AR-2022-000717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.122.000717

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OtherReview Article

Neural mechanisms of general anesthesia

Wei-Wei Bao, Shan Jiang, Wei-Min Qu, Wen-Xian Li, Chang-Hong Miao and Zhi-Li Huang
Pharmacological Reviews February 17, 2023, PHARMREV-AR-2022-000717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.122.000717
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