TY - JOUR T1 - The Expanding Roles of G<em>βγ</em> Subunits in G Protein–Coupled Receptor Signaling and Drug Action JF - Pharmacological Reviews JO - Pharmacol Rev SP - 545 LP - 577 DO - 10.1124/pr.111.005603 VL - 65 IS - 2 AU - Shahriar M. Khan AU - Rory Sleno AU - Sarah Gora AU - Peter Zylbergold AU - Jean-Philippe Laverdure AU - Jean-Claude Labbé AU - Gregory J. Miller AU - Terence E. Hébert A2 - Barker, Eric L. Y1 - 2013/04/01 UR - http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/65/2/545.abstract N2 - Gβγ subunits from heterotrimeric G proteins perform a vast array of functions in cells with respect to signaling, often independently as well as in concert with Gα subunits. However, the eponymous term “Gβγ” does not do justice to the fact that 5 Gβ and 12 Gγ isoforms have evolved in mammals to serve much broader roles beyond their canonical roles in cellular signaling. We explore the phylogenetic diversity of Gβγ subunits with a view toward understanding these expanded roles in different cellular organelles. We suggest that the particular content of distinct Gβγ subunits regulates cellular activity, and that the granularity of individual Gβ and Gγ action is only beginning to be understood. Given the therapeutic potential of targeting Gβγ action, this larger view serves as a prelude to more specific development of drugs aimed at individual isoforms. ER -