PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - P.V. Dicpinigaitis AU - A.H. Morice AU - S.S. Birring AU - L. McGarvey AU - J.A. Smith AU - B.J. Canning AU - C.P. Page ED - Sibley, David R. TI - Antitussive Drugs—Past, Present, and Future AID - 10.1124/pr.111.005116 DP - 2014 Apr 01 TA - Pharmacological Reviews PG - 468--512 VI - 66 IP - 2 4099 - http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/66/2/468.short 4100 - http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/66/2/468.full SO - Pharmacol Rev2014 Apr 01; 66 AB - Cough remains a serious unmet clinical problem, both as a symptom of a range of other conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and as a problem in its own right in patients with chronic cough of unknown origin. This article reviews our current understanding of the pathogenesis of cough and the hypertussive state characterizing a number of diseases as well as reviewing the evidence for the different classes of antitussive drug currently in clinical use. For completeness, the review also discusses a number of major drug classes often clinically used to treat cough but that are not generally classified as antitussive drugs. We also reviewed a number of drug classes in various stages of development as antitussive drugs. Perhaps surprising for drugs used to treat such a common symptom, there is a paucity of well-controlled clinical studies documenting evidence for the use of many of the drug classes in use today, particularly those available over the counter. Nonetheless, there has been a considerable increase in our understanding of the cough reflex over the last decade that has led to a number of promising new targets for antitussive drugs being identified and thus giving some hope of new drugs being available in the not too distant future for the treatment of this often debilitating symptom.