Protein motions, dynamic time domains, and sampling methods
| Motion | Example | Time domain (sec) | Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vibrational | Atomic fluctuations | 10−15 to 10−6 | Infrared, fluorescence, molecular dynamics simulations |
| Side chain | Ring flipping | 10−12 to 101 | Fluorescence anisotropy, EPR, NMR, near UV circular dichroism |
| Rigid body | Hinge movement | 10−6 to 102 | NMR, X-ray crystallography, hydrogen exchange |
| Global | Protein unfolding | 10−3 to 103 | DSC, hydrogen exchange, far-UV circular dichroism |
Adapted from Brooks et al. (1988) and Jardetzky (1996).
DSC, differential scanning microcalorimetry; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; UV, ultraviolet.