Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group2-a(1992) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Endpoint | TAM | Control | Reduction in Risk | Significance |
Recurrence | 2,852 /15,027 | 4,387 /15,054 | 16% | p < 0.000001 |
Contralateral breast cancers | 122 /9,128 | 184 /9,135 | 39% | p < 0.000001 |
Mortality | 5,052 /15,027 | 6,043 /15,054 | 25% | p < 0.000001 |
Recurrence or Prior Death | Significance | Death Any Cause | Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ER+ (n = 14,972) | 32% | p = 0.00001 | 21% | Significant |
ER poor2-b (n = 5,366) | 13% | p = 0.001 | 11% | p = 0.02 |
Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group (EBCTCG, 1998) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Endpoint | TAM ∼5 yr | Control | Reduction ± S.D. | Significance |
Recurrence (ER+) | 692 /2,966 | 1,110 /2,903 | 50% ± 4 | p < 0.00001 |
Recurrence (ER poor) | 191 /446 | 210 /476 | 6% ± 11 | N.S. |
Death: any cause (ER+) | 655 /2,966 | 812 /2,903 | 28% ± 5 | Significant |
Death: any cause (ER poor) | 182 /446 | 178 /476 | −3% ± 11 | N.S. |
Chemoprevention | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Placebo | TAM | Reduction in Risk | Significance |
U.K. (Powles et al., 1998) | 36 | 34 | 6%; 1.06 | p = 0.8 |
(n = 2,471)2-c | (0.7, 1.7) | |||
Italian (Veronesi et al., 1998) | 22 | 19 | 14% | p = 0.6 |
(n = 5,408)2-d | ||||
NSABP P-1 (Fisher et al., 1998) | Relative risk | Significance | ||
(n = 13,388)2-e | ||||
Invasive cancers | 175 | 89 | 49%; 0.51 | p < 0.00001 |
(0.39; 0.66) | ||||
Noninvasive cancers | 69 | 35 | 50%; 0.50 | p < 0.002 |
(0.33, 0.77) |
↵2-a Data are adapted from each study. Significance estimates are from the appropriate study. In some cases, the precise p-values are not available. N.S. = not significant.
↵2-b ER poor is generally taken as <10 fmol/mg protein.
↵2-c 42% used HRT.
↵2-d TAM appears effective in 14% of women taking HRT (hazard ratio = 0.13; confidence interval = 0.02, 1.02).
↵2-e Subjects did not receive HRT.