Some transmitters and modulators producing contraction or relaxation of the bladder
| Transmitter/Receptor | Effect on the Bladder | Site of Action |
|---|---|---|
| ACh, muscarinic M3, M2 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| ACh, muscarinic M2, M4 | Inhibitory, relaxation | Prejunctional |
| ACh, muscarinic M1, M3 | Excitatory, contraction | Prejunctional |
| ACh, nicotinic | Excitatory, contraction | Intramural ganglia |
| NA, β3, β2 | Relaxation | Detrusor |
| NA, α1 | Contraction | Trigone (bladder base) |
| NA, α2 | Inhibitory, relaxation | Cholinergic nerve terminals |
| ATP, P2X1 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| ATP, P2X3 | Excitatory, contraction | Afferent nerves |
| Nitric oxide | Inhibitory, relaxation | Afferent nerves |
| 5-HT, 5-HT2 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Histamine, H1 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Prostanoids, EP, TP | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Prostanoids, EP, TP | Excitatory, contraction | Afferent nerves |
| Leukotrienes, LTB4 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Angiotensins, AT1 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Bradykinin, B2 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Endothelins, ETA | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Tachykinins, NK2 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| Vasopressin, V1 | Contraction | Detrusor |
| VIP, VPAC1/VPC2 | Relaxation | Detrusor |
| PTHrP | Relaxation | Detrusor |
ACh, acetylcholine.