Pharmacokinetic parameters of (S)-nicotine, (S)-cotinine and (3′R,5′S)-trans-3′-hydroxycotinine after intravenous administration
| Clearance | Renal Clearance | Nonrenal Clearance | Volume of Distribution (Steady State) | t1/2 a | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ml/min | l/kg | min | ||||
| Nicotine | 1110–1500 | 35–90 | 1050–1460 | 2.2–3.3 | 100–150 | Benowitz and Jacob, 1993, 1994, 2000; Zevin et al., 1997; Benowitz et al., 1999, 2002a |
| Cotinine | 42–55 | 3–9 | 36–52 | 0.69–0.93 | 770–1130 | Benowitz and Jacob, 1994, 2000; Zevin et al., 1997; Benowitz et al., 1999, 2002a |
| Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine | 82 | 50 | 32 | 0.66 | 396 | Benowitz and Jacob, 2001 |
↵ a t1/2, elimination half-life