TABLE 1

Perturbation of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking

Treatment	Effect	Mechanism	Reference
Low temperature	General inhibitor of endocytosis	Energy depletion	Lamaze and Schmid (1995)
Metabolic inhibitors	General inhibitor of endocytosis	Energy depletion	Saraste et al. (1986)
Potassium depletion	Specific inhibitor of CME	Dissociation of clathrin lattice	Larkin et al. (1983)
Cytosol acidification	Specific inhibitor of CME	Dissociation of clathrin lattice	Sandvig et al. (1987)
Hypertonic medium	Specific inhibitor of CME	Dissociation of clathrin lattice	Heuser and Anderson (1989)
Chlorpromazine	Specific inhibitor of CME	Dissociation of clathrin lattice	Wang et al. (1993)
Filipin	Specific inhibitor of caveolae	Cholesterol binding	Lamaze and Schmid (1995)
Nystatin	Inhibitor of caveolae	Sequester cholesterol	Lamaze and Schmid (1995)
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin	Inhibitor of caveolae	Deplete cholesterol	Lamaze and Schmid (1995); Zuhorn et al., (2002)
Genestein	Inhibitor of caveolae	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Orlandi and Fishman (1998)
Cytochalasins	Inhibitors of caveolae and macropinocytosis	Actin depolymerization	Parton et al. (1994)
Amiloride	Specific inhibitor of macropinocytosis	Inhibits the Na⁺/H⁺ exchange protein	Hewlett et al. (1994)
Phorbol esters	Specific stimulators of macropinocytosis	Protein kinase C activators	Lamaze and Schmid (1995)
Wortmannin	Inhibitor of macropinocytosis	Phosphatidyl inositol-3-phosphate inhibitor	Arcaro and Wymann (1993)
Monensin	Inhibitor of endosome maturation	Prevents endosome acidification	Mollenhauer et al. (1990)
Chloroquine	Disrupting endosomes and lysosomes	Prevents endosome acidification and causes swelling to endosomes and lysosomes	de Duve et al. (1974); Wattiaux et al. (2000)