Localization and relative abundance of type I and type II PACAP binding sites in the rat brain
| Structures | Type I | Type II | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Telencephalon | |||
| Olfactory bulb | +++ | ++ | Martin et al., 1987; Cauvin et al., 1991 |
| Glomerular layer | + | Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Internal granular layer | ++ | –/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Cerebral cortex | ++ | ++ | Ogawa et al., 1985; Staun-Olsen et al., 1985; Martin et al., 1987; Cauvin et al., 1991; Suda et al., 1991; Vertongen et al., 1997b; Joo et al., 2004 |
| Astrocytes | + | ++ | Tatsuno et al., 1990 |
| Cingulate cortex | +++ | + | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Entorhinal cortex | ++ | –/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Frontal cortex | +++ | – | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Parietal cortex | +++ | – | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Piriform cortex | +++ | – | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Septum | |||
| Lateral septal nucleus | +++ | +/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| Medial septal nucleus | +++ | + | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Olfactory tubercle | +++ | +/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Basal ganglia | +++ | –/+ | Suda et al., 1991; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Accumbens nucleus | + | Martin et al., 1987; Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Amygdaloid complex | +++ | Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Basal lateral nucleus | + | De Souza et al., 1985; Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Central nucleus | +++ | –/+ | Besson et al., 1986; Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Medial nucleus | +++ | – | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Hippocampal formation | +++ | + | Ogawa et al., 1985; Cauvin et al., 1991; Hou et al., 1994; Joo et al., 2004 |
| CA1–3, pyramidal cells | +++ | –/+ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| CA1–3, non-pyramidal cells | + | Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Dentate gyrus | +++ | –/+++ | Besson et al., 1984; De Souza et al., 1985; Besson et al., 1986; Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1991; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| Diagonal band of Broca | +++ | + | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Diencephalon | |||
| Epithalamus | |||
| Lateral habenular nucleus | +++ | –/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1991; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| Medial habenular nucleus | +++ | –/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1991; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| Pineal gland | ++ | ++ | Martin et al., 1987; Vertongen et al., 1997b; Simonneaux et al., 1998 |
| Thalamus | ++ | Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Centromedial nucleus | – | Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Mediodorsal nucleus | +++ | +/++ | Besson et al., 1986; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Paraventricular nucleus | +++ | + | Martin et al., 1987; Nomura et al., 1996 |
| Reuniens nucleus | +++ | + | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Rhomboid nucleus | +++ | + | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Ventral posterolateral nucleus | ++ | + | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Ventromedial nucleus | +++ | + | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Hypothalamus | +++ | Gottschall et al., 1990; Cauvin et al., 1991; Gottschall et al., 1991; Suda et al., 1991 | |
| Arcuate nucleus | ++ | –/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Dorsomedial nucleus | +/++ | Besson et al., 1984, 1986; Martin et al., 1987; Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Lateral hypothalamic area | +++ | – | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Medial mammillary nucleus | +++ | +/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| Paraventricular nucleus | –/+ | De Souza et al., 1985; Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Preoptic nucleus | + | Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Supraoptic nucleus | +++ | –/++ | De Souza et al., 1985; Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992; Vertongen et al., 1997b |
| Ventromedial nucleus | –/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992; Vertongen et al., 1997b | |
| Mesencephalon | |||
| Central gray | +++ | – | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Dorsal tegmental nucleus | + | Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Raphe nuclei | – | Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Substantia nigra | ++/+++ | –/+ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Superior colliculus | +++ | +/++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1991 |
| Metencephalon | |||
| Cerebellum | ++ | – | Ogawa et al., 1985; Martin et al., 1987; Cauvin et al., 1991; Suda et al., 1991 |
| Internal granule cell layer | ++ | – | Basille et al., 1994 |
| Medulla | – | – | Basille et al., 1994 |
| Molecular layer | – | – | Basille et al., 1994 |
| Pons | ++ | Cauvin et al., 1991 | |
| Locus ceruleus | +++ | +/+++ | Martin et al., 1987; Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Pontine nuclei | +++ | – | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Raphe nuclei | +++ | + | Masuo et al., 1992 |
| Myelencephalon | |||
| Area postrema | +++ | Martin et al., 1987 | |
| Spinal cord | ++ | ++ | Cauvin et al., 1991; Yashpal et al., 1991; Kar and Quirion, 1995 |
The symbols provide a semi-quantitative evaluation of the density of PACAP binding sites: +++, high density; ++, moderate density; +, low density; –, no binding sites.