TABLE 7

κ-Conotoxins inhibiting K_v potassium channels (κA/M-conotoxin loop formula C0C6–7CC2–4C0–3C)

Lower-case serine or threonine residues are glycosylated, and the lower case tryptophan is a d-amino acid. Cysteines are bolded and aligned separately for the different κ-conotoxin classes, with residues affecting potassium channel affinity underlined.

Species	Name	Diet	Sequence (Disulfide Bonding Likely 1–4/2–5/3–6)	Selectivity (K_vx)	References
Species	Name	Diet	123456	Selectivity (K_vx)	References
κM- and κA- Conotoxins
C. radiatus	RIIIJ	P	--------LOOCCTOOKKH-COAOACKYKOC---CKS	1.2	Chen et al., 2010
	RIIIK	P	--------LPSCCSLNLRL-CPVPACKRNPC---CT^*	TSha1 ∼ Shaker ∼ 1.2 > 1.5 ∼ 1.6 ∼ 1.1 ∼ 1.3 ∼ 1.4	Chen et al., 2010; Ferber et al., 2003, 2004; Al-Sabi et al., 2004
C. consors	CcTx	P	AOWLVPsQITTCCGYNOGTMCOSCMCTNT-C		Favreau et al., 1999
C. magus	MIVA	P	AOγLVVtAtTNCCGYNOMTICOO--CM---CTYSCOOKRKO^*	?	Santos et al., 2004
C. purpurascens	PIVE	P	----------DCCGVKLEM-CHP--C---LCDNSCKNYGK^*	Frog, fish	Teichert et al., 2007a
	PIVF	P	----------DCCGVKLEM-CHP--C---LCDNSCKKSGK^*	?	Teichert et al., 2007a
C. striatus	SIVA	P	ZKSLVPsVITTCCGYDOGTMCOO--CR---CTNSC^*	Frog, fish, Shaker	Craig et al., 1998; Santos et al., 2004
	SIVB	P	ZKELVPsVITTCCGYDOGTMCOO--CR---CTNSCOTKOKKO^*	?	Santos et al., 2004
C. stercusmuscarum	SmIVA	P	ZTWLVPstITTCCGYDOGTMCOT--CM---CDNTCKOKOKKS^*	?	Santos et al., 2004
	SmIVB	P	ZPWLVPstITTCCGYDOGSMCOO--CM---CNNTCKOKOKKS	?	Santos et al., 2004
Other κ-conotoxins
C. planorbis	pl14a	V	---FPRPRICNLACRAGIGHKYPFCHCR^*	1.6 > 1.1 > 1.2 ∼ 1.3 ∼ 1.4 ∼ 1.5 ∼ 2.1 ∼ 3.4	Imperial et al., 2006
C. virgo	ViTx	V	SRCFPPGIYC-TSYLPCCWGICC-STCRNVCHLRIGK	1.1 ∼ 1.3 > 1.2	Kauferstein et al., 2003
C. spurius	sr11a	V	--CRTEGMSCγγNQQ-CCWRSCCRGECEAPCRFGP^*	1.2 ∼ 1.6 > 1.3	Aguilar et al., 2007, 2010
C. betulinus	BeTX	V	--CRAγGTYC-γNDSQCCLNγCCWGGCGHOCRHP^*	BK	Fan et al., 2003
C. purpurascens	PVIIA	P	--CRIPNQKCFQHLDDCCSRKCNRFNKCV^*	Shaker K_v	Huang et al., 2005
C. striatus	Conkunitzin-S1	P	KDRPSLCDLPADSGSGTKAEKRIYYNSARKQCLRFDYTGQG GNENNFRRTYDCQRTCL	Shaker Kv	Bayrhuber et al., 2005
C. ventricosus	Contryphan-Vn	P	GDCPwKPWC^*	Voltage-gated and Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ channels	Massilia et al., 2003

P, fish; M, molluscs; V, worms;
↵* , C-terminal amidation; TSha1, from trout, frog K_v, the skeletal muscle form; BK, Ca²⁺/voltage-dependent potassium channel.