Comparison of effects produced by representative drugs in intracranial self-stimulation and drug self-administration procedures
Drugs are listed in their order of discussion in the manuscript. A drug was considered to facilitate ICSS or to maintain self-administration if at least one published study supported this characterization. Drugs scheduled by the FDA are shown in boldface italic.
| Facilitate ICSSa | No Change or Depress ICSS | |
|---|---|---|
| Maintain self-administrationb | Amphetamine | Haloperidol |
| Phenmetrazine | Clonidine | |
| MDMA | Zolpidem | |
| Cocaine | Baclofen | |
| Methylphenidate | MPEP | |
| MDPV | WIN55212-2 | |
| Apomorphine | ||
| Methadone | ||
| Morphine | ||
| Nalbuphine | ||
| Nicotine | ||
| Varenicline | ||
| Scopolamine | ||
| Midazolam | ||
| Chlordiazepoxide | ||
| Diazepam | ||
| Pentobarbital | ||
| Phenobarbital | ||
| Toluene | ||
| Ethanol | ||
| MK-801 | ||
| Phencyclidine | ||
| Ketamine | ||
| Δ9-THC | ||
| Testosterone | ||
| Tripelennamine | ||
| Fail to maintain Self-administration | Caffeine | Fenfluramine |
| Citalopram | ||
| Atomoxetine/nisoxetine | ||
| Imipramine/desipramine | ||
| Chlorpromazine | ||
| TFMPP | ||
| SNC80 | ||
| U69593 | ||
| Naloxone | ||
| URB597 |
↵a ICSS references are cited in section III.
↵b Drug self-administration references are as follows: baclofen (Griffiths et al., 1991), MDPV (Watterson et al., 2014), MK-801 (Koek et al., 1988), MPEP (van der Kam et al., 2009), TFMPP (Fantegrossi et al., 2005), SNC80 (Negus et al., 1998), toluene (Blokhina et al., 2004), U69593 (Negus et al., 2008), URB597 (Justinova et al., 2008), WIN55212-2 (Fattore et al., 2001). For all other drugs, results are taken from (O'Connor et al., 2011; Horton et al., 2013).