Different types of AhR activators
The term AhR activator (rather than ligand) is used here to indicate that factors that do not bind to the LBD and trigger the canonical signaling pathway can also activate AhR, for instance, via changing the cellular levels of FICZ or modulating chaperones. For a more exhaustive list and references, see Wincent et al. (2012).
| AhR Activators with No or Very Low Binding Potential | Low-Affinity Ligands (Binding Affinity in the Micromolar to Millimolar Range) | High-Affinity Ligands (Binding Affinity in the Picomolar to Nanomolar Range) |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory mediators, glutathione depletion, hydrogen peroxide, hyperoxia, metals and metalloids, neurotoxins, organic solvents, oxidized lipids, ozone, quartz, shear stress and miscellaneous materials, etc. | Drugs, biochemical model compounds, combustion products, food mutagens, hair dyes, hemes, humic acids, indoles, flame retardants, food additives, phytochemicals, plastic materials and additives, specific antagonists and blockers, etc. | FICZ, GNF351, ICZ, indirubin, ITE, lipoxin 4A, StemRegenin 1, TCDD and some other PHAHs, some PAHs, VAF347, and 1-hydroxyphenazine |