Medication | Patient Population | Study Design | No. of Patients | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amantadine | Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 42 | Decreased positive urine | Alterman et al., 1992 |
Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 199 | No increase in cocaine abstinence due to amantadine | Kampman et al., 2006 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 30 | No more effective than placebo in combatting withdrawal symptoms | Giannini et al., 1989 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 61 | Fewer positive urines, decreased cocaine use | Kampman et al., 2000 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Single blind RCT | 94 | No difference in positive urine | Kosten et al., 1992 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 54 | No difference in positive urine | Weddington et al., 1991 | |
Memantine | Opiate use disorder | Laboratory trial | 8 | Decreased self-reported withdrawal precipitated by naloxone | Bisaga et al., 2001 |
Opiate use disorder | Single blind RCT | 67 | Decreased self-reported heroin craving | Krupitsky et al., 2002 | |
Alcohol use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 27 | Placebo group showed larger decrease in drinking | Evans et al., 2007 | |
Ketamine | Cocaine use disorder | Laboratory trial | 8 | Decreased self-reported craving | Dakwar et al., 2014 |
d-Cycloserine | Tobacco use disorder | Laboratory trial | 25 | Decreased carbon monoxide at follow-up but no overall change in smoking behavior | Santa Ana et al., 2009 |
Tobacco use disorder | Laboratory trial | 32 | No change in cue reactivity, slight reduction in self-reported craving | Kamboj et al., 2012 | |
Tobacco use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 29 | No decrease in cigarette smoking (participants were not seeking treatment of cocaine) | Yoon et al., 2013 | |
Heavy drinkers | Laboratory trial | 36 | No change in cue reactivity | Kamboj et al., 2011 | |
Alcohol use disorder | Laboratory trial | 16 | No change in self-reported craving | Watson et al., 2011 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Laboratory trial | 32 | No change in self-reported craving or cocaine use | Price et al., 2013 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Laboratory trial | 10 | Trend toward increased craving due to treatment | Price et al., 2009 | |
“Problem drinkers” | Laboratory trial | 20 | Transient increase in craving | Hofmann et al., 2012 | |
Acamprosate | Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 60 | No decrease in cocaine use | Kampman et al., 2011 |
Topiramate | Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 142 | Decrease in cocaine-positive urine | Johnson et al., 2013 |
Alcohol use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 155 | Decreased drinking for topiramate | Baltieri et al., 2008 | |
Alcohol use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 63 | Decreased drinking | Rubio et al., 2009 | |
Tobacco use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 87 | Decreased smoking for men only | Anthenelli et al., 2008 | |
Methamphetamine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 140 | Decreased “relapse” (positive urine collected 6–12 weeks from baseline-abstinent participants) | Elkashef et al., 2012; Dackis et al., 2005 | |
Modafinil | Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 210 | No differences overall; trend toward increased abstinence only among male patients | Dackis et al., 2012 |
Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 210 | No differences overall; decreased craving, increased consecutive nonuse | Anderson et al., 2009 | |
Methamphetamine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 210 | No differences overall; increased abstinence among most compliant patients | Anderson et al., 2012 | |
Methamphetamine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 71 | No differences overall; trend toward efficacy in high baseline use and CBT nonattendance | Heinzerling et al., 2010 | |
Methamphetamine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 80 | No differences overall; trend toward efficacy in medication-compliant subjects | Shearer et al., 2009 | |
Tobacco use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 157 | Trial discontinued due to increased smoking and withdrawal symptoms | Schnoll et al., 2008 | |
NAC | Cannabis use disorder (adolescents) | Double-blind RCT | 116 | Increased negative cannabis-positive urine | Gray et al., 2012 |
Cocaine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 111 | No change in cocaine-positive urine; increased time to relapse in baseline abstinent participants | LaRowe et al., 2013 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Laboratory trial | 15 | NAC decreases self-reports of craving and interest in response to images of cocaine | LaRowe et al., 2007 | |
Cocaine use disorder | Laboratory trial | 6 | NAC decreases craving after experimentally administered cocaine | Amen et al., 2011 | |
Methamphetamine use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 31 | Combination treatment does not affect objective or subject measures of methamphetamine use disorder | Grant et al., 2010 | |
Tobacco use disorder | Open label | 19 | Combination treatment reduces cigarettes smoked per day with minimal side effects | McClure et al., 2014a,b | |
Tobacco use disorder | Laboratory trial | 22 | NAC decreases subjective reward after experimentally delivered cigarette | Schmaal et al., 2011 | |
Tobacco use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 29 | Decrease in self-reported cigarettes after excluding two heavy drinkers | Knackstedt et al., 2009 | |
Tobacco use disorder | Double-blind RCT | 28 | NAC briefly decreases self-reported smoking and decreases gambling | Grant et al., 2014 |
CBT, cognitive-behavioral therapy.