TABLE 4

Effectors of glial glutamate release/uptake

DrugActionDeliveryEffectReference
CocaineMS-153Enhanced GLT-1 functionSystemicInhibited CPPNakagawa et al., 2005
CeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatementKnackstead et al., 2010
Clavulanic acidEnhanced GLT-1SystemicInhibited intakeKim et al., 2016
NACEnhanced GLT-1, xCT, and glutamate releaseSystemicInhibited cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatementReichel et al., 2011
PPFEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatementReissner et al., 2014
Glial Gq-DREADDEnhanced glial Gq signalingNAcoreInhibited cue-induced reinstatementScofield et al., 2015
NicotineCeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited drug-primed CPPAlajaji et al., 2013
NACEnhanced GLT-1, xCT, and glutamate releaseSystemicInhibited cue-induced reinstatementRamirez-Niño et al., 2013
OpiatesMS-153Enhanced GLT-1 functionSystemicInhibited CPPNakagawa et al., 2005
Clavulanic acidEnhanced GLT-1SystemicInhibited CPPSchroeder et al., 2014
CeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited cue-induced reinstatementShen et al., 2014b
NACEnhanced GLT-1, xCT, and glutamate releaseSystemicInhibited cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatementZhou and Kalivas, 2008
IbudilastGlial modulatorSystemicInhibited CPPSchwarz and Bilbo, 2013
PPFEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited CPPNarita et al., 2006
EthanolMS-153Enhanced GLT-1 functionSystemicInhibited intakeAlhaddad et al., 2014
CeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited ethanol intake in ethanol-preferring ratsSari et al., 2013
CeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited reinstated ethanol seekingQrunfleh et al., 2013
NACEnhanced GLT-1, xCT, and glutamate releaseSystemicInhibited CPPFerreira Seiva et al., 2009
IbudilastGlial modulatorSystemicInhibited intakeBell et al., 2015
Glial Gq-DREADDEnhanced glial Gq signalingNAcoreInhibited motivation to seek ethanolBull et al., 2014
AmphetaminesMS-153Enhanced GLT-1 functionSystemicInhibited CPPNakagawa et al., 2005
CeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited CPPAbulseoud et al., 2012
CeftriaxoneEnhanced GLT-1 and xCTSystemicInhibited locomoter sensitizationRasmussen et al., 2011
NACEnhanced GLT-1, xCT, and glutamate releaseSystemicInhibited cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatementUnpublished observation
ModafinilEnhance extrasynaptic glutamate SystemicInhibited cue, context, and drug-primed reinstatementReichel and See, 2010
IbudilastGlial modulatorSystemicInhibted intake, locomoter sensitizationSnider et al., 2012/2013
IbudilastGlial modulatorSystemicInhibited stress- and cue-induced reinstatementBeardsley et al., 2010
Glial Gq-DREADDEnhanced glial Gq signalingNAcoreInhibited cue-induced reinstatementScofield et al., 2015

  • xCT, the catalytic subunit of the cystine-glutamate exchanger.