AC Isoform | Availability of | (Patho)physiologic Functions (Mice and Humans) | |
---|---|---|---|
Knockout (mice) | Overexpression (mice) | ||
AC1 | Yes | Yesa | Mice: Learning, memory, synaptic plasticity, opiate withdrawal and cocaine sensitization, behavioral inhibition, brain development, pain |
AC2 | No | No | Mice: No data available |
Humans: AC2 impairment in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (Kinast et al., 2012)? | |||
AC3 | Yes | No | Mice: Olfactory and pheromone responses, olfactory dependent and contextual memory, sperm function, diet-induced obesity, maternal behavior, inter-male aggressiveness |
AC4 | Yesb | Mice: No phenotype | |
AC5 | Yes | Yesa | Mice: Cardiac contraction, motor coordination, striatum-dependent learning, opiate and ethanol dependency, pain responses, diet-induced obesity, renin secretion, stress responses. |
Humans: AC5 gain of function in human movement disorders associated with dystonia, myokymia and chorea (Chen et al., 2012c, 2014b) | |||
AC6 | Yes | Yesa | Mice: cardiac contraction and calcium sensitivity, polycystic kidney disease and renal function including mild Bartter syndrome, sympathetic tone, bone adaptations, pancreatic fluid secretion |
AC7 | Yes | Yesa | Mice: Ethanol dependency, depression, immune function |
AC8 | Yes | Yesa | Mice: Learning, memory, synaptic plasticity, opiate withdrawal, mood disorders, anxiety behavior, glucose homeostasis |
AC9 | Yesc | No | Mice: Immune response in monocytes, possible links to sepsis and cardiac repolarization |
↵a Cardiac or brain directed overexpression.
↵b Tissue-specific expression in kidney collecting duct (Kittikulsuth et al., 2014a).
↵c Unpublished results and International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (http://www.mousephenotype.org/).