Benefits and risks of exposure to caffeine
Data according to Kawachi et al. (1996), Ferré (2008), Goldstein et al. (2010), Nehlig (2010), Lucas et al. (2011), Caldeira et al. (2013), Derry et al. (2014), Panza et al. (2015), Doepker et al. (2016), Zuchinali et al. (2016), Grosso et al. (2017).
| System | Benefit | Risk | Lack of Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central nervous system | |||
| Increased alertness | Sleep disturbances | ||
| Better attention | Nervousness | ||
| Increased concentration | Jitteriness | ||
| Increased focus | Irritability | ||
| Increased energy | Anxiety | ||
| Improved cognition | |||
| Decreased reaction time | |||
| Reduction of cognitive failures (improvement of driving performance, reduction of accidents at work) | |||
| Improved productivity at work | |||
| Reduced fatigue | |||
| Improved mood | |||
| Feeling of well-being | |||
| Headache relief | |||
| Prevention of age-related cognitive decline | |||
| Prevention of Alzheimer disease | |||
| Prevention of Parkinson disease | |||
| Cardiovascular system | |||
| Protection against stroke | Slight blood pressure increases among regular drinkers | No increased risk of total cardiovascular disease | |
| No effect on arrhythmias even in patients at risk | |||
| No increased risk of atrial fibrillation | |||
| No increased risk of heart failure | |||
| No hypertension among regular drinkers in baseline populations | |||
| Sports activities | |||
| Improvement in team and power-based sports, sustained maximal endurance, resistance and time-trial performance | No effect in short-term sports activities | ||
| Retardation of exhaustion feeling |