Resting motor threshold | | Ion channels (voltage-gated Na+, AMPA glutamate) | Ziemann and Rothwell (2000), Di Lazzaro et al. (2008) |
Paired pulse facilitation (long interval facilitation, 15 ms) | | Glutamate (AMPA, NMDA) | Reis et al. (2008) |
Paired pulse inhibition (short interval inhibition, 3 ms) | | GABAa | Ziemann et al. (1996), Di Lazzaro et al. (2000a), Korchounov et al. (2005) |
Cortical silent period | | GABAb, dopamine | Ziemann et al. (1993) |
Recruitment curve (dose–response curve) | | Causal relationship between TMS input and MEP output | Hanlon et al. (2015a) |