Studies that have used repetitive TMS as a tool to change nicotine craving
Multiple sessions were given in a single day. This study performed 10 Hz TMS on the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and found an increase in craving but did not find a decrease in craving with 1 Hz to the SFG (L, left; R, right).
| Author | Sample Size | Site of TMS | Frequency | Sessions | Behavioral Effect? | Active Sham Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amiaz et al. (2009) | 22 | L DLPFC | 10 Hz | 10 days | Yes | Between groups |
| Dinur-Klein et al. (2014) | 115 | Bilat PFC/Insa | 10 Hz | 13 | Yes | Between groups |
| Dinur-Klein et al. (2014) | 115 | Bilat PFC/Insa | 1 Hz | 13 | No | Between groups |
| Eichhammer et al. (2003) | 14 | L DLPFC | 20 Hz | 4 days | No | Within subject |
| Li et al. (2013a) | 16 | L DLPFC | 10 Hz | 2 days | Yes | Within subject |
| Pripfl et al. (2014) | 14 | L DLPFC | 10 Hz | 1 | Yes | Within subject |
| Rose et al. (2011) | 15 | SFG | 10 Hz | 3 days | Yes | Within subject |
| Rose et al. (2011) | 15 | SFG | 1 Hz | 3 days | No | Within subject |
| Trojak et al. (2015) | 37 | R DLPFC | 1 Hz | 10 | Yes | Within subject |
| Sheffer et al. (2018) | 29 | L DLPFC | 20 Hz | 8 | Yes | Within subject |
| Li et al. (2017) | 10 | L DLPFC | 10 Hz | 1 | Yes | Within subject |
PFC, prefrontal cortex.
↵a Studies used H-coil TMS devices (Brainsway, Jerusalem, Israel). This deep TMS coil geometry has a very different field distribution than the typical figure of eight coils.