Unconditioned behavior: US→UR | PS→UR | Stimulation of withdrawal responses, writhing, flinching, grimacing | Same |
PS→[US→UR] | Depression of locomotion, feeding, wheel running, burrowing, nesting | Impaired physical functioning |
Classically conditioned behavior: CS+US; CS→CR | PS+CS; CS→CR | Conditioned place avoidance; fear conditioning | Avoidance, anxiety, fear |
PS → [US+CS; CS→CR] | Conditioned place preference to putative analgesic treatments | Placebo analgesia |
Operant behavior: SD→R→SC | PS→R→SC | Discrimination of a noxious stimulus | Verbal reports of pain intensity or quality |
SD→R→PS | Punishment with a noxious stimulus | Movement-induced pain |
PS→[SD→R→SC] | Depression of operant responding for food or brain stimulation | Impaired physical functioning |