TABLE 5

Studies examining the effects of MDMA on fear-motivated learning and memory

Article	Task^{^a}	Subjects^{^b}	Doses/Frequency^{^c}	Timeline^{^d}	Effects^{^e}
Moyano et al., 2004	PA	Rats (W), Adult, Male	10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1	Training: On-Drug Testing: Postdrug	↓
Moyano et al., 2005	PA	Rats (W), Adult, Male	10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1 AND/OR × 2/day, 4 days	Training: On-Drug (Single), Postdrug (Repeated) Testing: Postdrug	↓ (Single) ⌀ (Repeated)
Barrionuevo et al., 2000	PA	Rats (W), Adult, Male	20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1	Training: On-Drug Testing: Postdrug	↓
Budzynska et al., 2017	PA	Mice (SW), Adult, Male	1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1	Training: Off-Drug² Testing: Postdrug	↑ (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) ⌀ (1 and 10 mg/kg)
Shariati et al., 2014	PA	Rats (W), Adult, Male	10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1 OR × 1/day, 2 day/wk, 3 wk	Training: Off-Drug² Testing: Postdrug	↓
Jahanshahi et al., 2013	PA	Rats (W), Adult, Male	2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 3/day, 1 day/wk, 4 wk	Training: Predrug Testing: Postdrug	↑
Timár et al., 2003	PA	Rats (W), Adol., Male	10 mg/kg (s.c.) × 4	Training/Testing: Postdrug	⌀
Murnane et al., 2012	PA	Mice (SW), Adol., Male	10 or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 4	Training/Testing: Postdrug	⌀
García-Pardo et al., 2015	PA	Mice (OF1), Adol., Male	10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1/day, 4 days (spaced)	Training/Testing: Postdrug	↓
García-Pardo et al., 2017	PA	Mice (OF1), Adol., Male	10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1/day, 4 days (spaced)	Training/Testing: Postdrug	↓
Rodríguez-Arias et al., 2011	PA	Mice (OF1), Adol., Male	10 or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 2/day, 2 days/wk, 2 wk	Training/Testing: Postdrug	⌀
McNamara et al., 1995	PA	Rats (SD), Adult, Male	5, 10, or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 2/day, 4 days	Testing: Postdrug	⌀
Shortall et al., 2013	FC	Rats (LH), Adult, Male	10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1/day, 3 days (spaced)	Training: Off-Drug² Testing: Postdrug	⌀
Johansson et al., 2015	FC	Mice (ICR), Adult, Male	20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 2	Training/Testing: Postdrug	↓

↵^a Studies used the passive avoidance (PA) and contextual fear conditioning (FC) tasks.
↵^b Species (strain), age, and sex of subjects. Strains include Lister Hooded (LH), Sprague-Dawley (SD), and Wistar (W) rats; and ICR, OF1, and Swiss Webster (SW) mice.
↵^c Dose, route, and frequency of MDMA administration. Treatment days/weeks are consecutive unless noted as “spaced.”
↵^d When training and testing occurred in relation to drug treatment. Pre- and post-drug training/testing were always conducted off-drug.
↵^e Effects of drug treatment on learning and memory: ⌀ No Effect, ↓ Impairment, ↑ Enhancement.
² Off-drug training/testing took place immediately before drug administration on (last) day of treatment.