TABLE 5

Studies examining the effects of MDMA on fear-motivated learning and memory

ArticleTaskaSubjectsbDoses/FrequencycTimelinedEffectse
Moyano et al., 2004PARats (W), Adult, Male10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1Training: On-Drug Testing: Postdrug
Moyano et al., 2005PARats (W), Adult, Male10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1 AND/OR × 2/day, 4 daysTraining: On-Drug (Single), Postdrug (Repeated) Testing: Postdrug↓ (Single) ⌀ (Repeated)
Barrionuevo et al., 2000PARats (W), Adult, Male20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1Training: On-Drug Testing: Postdrug
Budzynska et al., 2017PAMice (SW), Adult, Male1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1Training: Off-Drug2 Testing: Postdrug↑ (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) ⌀ (1 and 10 mg/kg)
Shariati et al., 2014PARats (W), Adult, Male10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1 OR × 1/day, 2 day/wk, 3 wkTraining: Off-Drug2 Testing: Postdrug
Jahanshahi et al., 2013PARats (W), Adult, Male2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 3/day, 1 day/wk, 4 wkTraining: Predrug Testing: Postdrug
Timár et al., 2003PARats (W), Adol., Male10 mg/kg (s.c.) × 4Training/Testing: Postdrug
Murnane et al., 2012PAMice (SW), Adol., Male10 or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 4Training/Testing: Postdrug
García-Pardo et al., 2015PAMice (OF1), Adol., Male10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1/day, 4 days (spaced)Training/Testing: Postdrug
García-Pardo et al., 2017PAMice (OF1), Adol., Male10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1/day, 4 days (spaced)Training/Testing: Postdrug
Rodríguez-Arias et al., 2011PAMice (OF1), Adol., Male10 or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 2/day, 2 days/wk, 2 wkTraining/Testing: Postdrug
McNamara et al., 1995PARats (SD), Adult, Male5, 10, or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 2/day, 4 daysTesting: Postdrug
Shortall et al., 2013FCRats (LH), Adult, Male10 mg/kg (i.p.) × 1/day, 3 days (spaced)Training: Off-Drug2 Testing: Postdrug
Johansson et al., 2015FCMice (ICR), Adult, Male20 mg/kg (i.p.) × 2Training/Testing: Postdrug
  • a Studies used the passive avoidance (PA) and contextual fear conditioning (FC) tasks.

  • b Species (strain), age, and sex of subjects. Strains include Lister Hooded (LH), Sprague-Dawley (SD), and Wistar (W) rats; and ICR, OF1, and Swiss Webster (SW) mice.

  • c Dose, route, and frequency of MDMA administration. Treatment days/weeks are consecutive unless noted as “spaced.”

  • d When training and testing occurred in relation to drug treatment. Pre- and post-drug training/testing were always conducted off-drug.

  • e Effects of drug treatment on learning and memory: ⌀ No Effect, ↓ Impairment, ↑ Enhancement.

  • 2 Off-drug training/testing took place immediately before drug administration on (last) day of treatment.