Summary of observed changes in circulating sex steroid levels in various rodent models of TLE
| TLE model | Species | Estradiol | Progesterone | Testosterone |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amygdala kindling | ||||
| Male | Rats | – | – | ↑ Edwards et al., 1999a |
| Female | Rats | ↑ Edwards et al., 1999c | – | – |
| Systemic pilocarpine | ||||
| Female | Rats | ↑ Amado and Cavalheiro, 1998 | ↓ Amado and Cavalheiro, 1998 | ↑ Scharfman et al., 2008 |
| ↔ Scharfman et al., 2008 | ↔ Scharfman et al., 2008 | |||
| Intrahippocampal KA | ||||
| Male | Mice | – | – | ↔ Li et al., 2018 |
| Female | Rats | – | ↓ Amado et al., 1987 | – |
| Mice | ↑ (Estrus) Li et al., 2018 | ↓ (Diestrus and estrus) Li et al., 2018 | – |